近代知识分子的概念与中国传统读书人的概念是有着较大区别的。但是近年一些著作中,习惯用近代知识分子的概念解释中国传统的读书人——“士”。针对晚明时代“士”从事的职业变化讨论中国近代知识分子形成过程中的一些问题,即只有“士”脱离了传统仕途,取得独立的生存职业,才有可能向近代知识分子转变。晚明时代这一转变已经隐然发生了。 The concept of modern intellectuals and Chinese traditional scholar’s concept is quite different. However, in recent writings, it is customary to use the concept of modern intellectuals to explain the traditional Chinese scholar - “Shi ”. Occupation changes in the late Ming dynasty “Shi ” discussed some problems in the process of the formation of modern Chinese intellectuals that only “scholar ” from the traditional career and obtain an independent survival career only possible to modern intellectuals change. This shift in late Ming has taken place.