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我国国有自然资源并不必然成为《物权法》第4条规定的国家物权的客体。应根据自然资源的不同用途将其区分为社会公共财产和国家私产。前者直接服务于某些公共用途,任何个人都享有按其公共用途加以使用的非排他性权利,而政府则无权随意处置其用途或利用其获得收入。后者即具有私人财产性质的政府财产,国家对这类财产享有排他性的法人财产权,基本上应适用民法规范。对国有财产实行分类管理,对于维护社会的公平,保障每个公民最低限度的自由和自主,限制政府利用社会公共财产获得收入等,具有重要的意义。
China’s state-owned natural resources do not necessarily become the object of state property as stipulated in Article 4 of the Property Law. According to the different uses of natural resources, they should be divided into social public property and national private property. The former serves directly for some public purposes, and any individual has a non-exclusive right to use it for his or her public purposes, whereas the government has no right to dispose of it or to use it for income. The latter is the government property with the nature of private property. The state enjoys the exclusive legal property rights to such property, and basically the civil law norms should be applied. Carrying out classified management of State-owned property is of great significance for maintaining social fairness, guaranteeing the minimum freedom and autonomy of every citizen, and limiting the government’s use of social public property for income.