风格(style)作为艺术作品的总体特征(用格式塔心理学的术语说是整体的格式塔质),综合了内容与形式的诸种因素,因此从风格入手比从思想情感、体裁类型、语言特色、技巧演变等单个因素入手更能准确又宏观地把握艺术史的发展脉络。近代以来,西方出现了许多从心理学角度研究风格演变的艺术史杰作,如沃林格的《抽象与移情》、沃尔夫林的《艺术史原理》、冈布里奇的《艺术与幻觉》等,总结这些尝试,并建立一种风格研究的心理学方法,对于推进文学史、艺术史的研究将是极有意义的。一、风格与心理类型“风格”(style)一词本身常常带有表达思想的“模式”(mode)、“类型”(type)之类的含义。①当某人或某部作品的风格特征很突出,也就变成了一种特殊的类型。如果说文学艺术是人类审美心理的符号表达,那么风格与心理类型的关系是非常密切的。但这里的“心理类型”不是一个十分严格的心 As a general feature of works of art (in terms of Gestalt psychology), style integrates content and form factors. Therefore, style is more important than ideology, genre, language Characteristics, the evolution of skills such as a single factor to start more accurately and macroscopically grasp the development history of art history. Since the modern times, there have been many masterpieces of art history in western countries that have studied the evolution of style from the perspective of psychology, such as Warling’s Abstraction and Empathy, Wolfin’s Art History Principle, Hallucination “and so on, sum up these attempts, and to establish a style of psychological research methods, to promote the history of literature, art history will be of great significance. First, the style and psychological type ”style“ (style) often means the expression of ”style“ (mode), ”type“ (type) meaning. ① When a person or a particular style of work is very prominent, it becomes a special type. If we say that literature and art is the symbolic expression of human aesthetic psychology, then the relationship between style and psychological type is very close. But here the ”psychological type" is not a very strict heart