康德在西方伦理思想史上的重要地位主要体现在《纯粹理性批判》中提出的四个“二律背反”所揭示的自然与自由的因果性问题。通过这两种因果性,康德鲜明地揭示了自然因果性的存在领地和自由因果性的存在领地,使自由因果性典型地呈现在其所探讨的形而上学何以可能的本体世界。在这样的本体世界中,康德将自由放在道德律令、道德法则和至善的层面上加以探讨,彰显出自由在人的形而上追求意义上的伦理价值和道德意蕴。对自由的探讨也为他的《实践理性批判》奠定了伦理学基础。 Kant’s important position in the history of western ethics is mainly reflected in the question of causality between nature and freedom as revealed by the four “antinomies” proposed in “Critique of Pure Reason.” By these two kinds of causality, Kant clearly reveals the territory of natural causation and the territory of free causality, so that free causality is typically presented in the probable ontological world of metaphysics to be explored. In such an ontological world, Kant explores liberty on the basis of moral laws, moral rules and perfection, demonstrating the ethical values ​​and moral implications of freedom in the metaphysical pursuit of human beings. The discussion of freedom laid the ethics basis for his “Critique of Practical Reason.”