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目的分析1996-2010年湖南省狂犬病的流行趋势及防治现状。方法利用疫情报告资料回顾分析狂犬病的流行趋势;采用直接免疫荧光法(DFA)和巢式PCR等方法对监测标本进行病原学检测及病毒基因特征分析;通过抽样调查了解农村居民对狂犬病防治知识的知晓情况和狂犬病暴露后的处置情况。结果湖南省狂犬病疫情自1996年以来持续上升,于2004年达到高峰,2007年起呈逐步下降的态势;2008-2010年共检测健康犬脑组织标本2 437份,其中DFA初筛阳性72份,阳性率为2.95%;72份标本经巢式PCR复核,23份阳性(0.94%);巢式PCR检测疑似狂犬病例唾液、脑脊液、血清及尿液标本104份,11份阳性(10.58%);病毒流行株为基因Ⅰ型;90%以上的农村居民听说过狂犬病,但对于狂犬病的高危行为和暴露后的预防措施的知晓率仅为20.1%和17.3%;89.09%的Ⅲ级暴露者未使用狂犬病被动免疫制剂。结论随着各项防治措施的落实,湖南省的狂犬病疫情已呈下降趋势,居民对狂犬病缺乏科学认识、经济条件有限是导致狂犬病暴露后处置不合规范要求的主要原因。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and prevention and cure of rabies in Hunan Province from 1996 to 2010. Methods The prevalence of rabies was retrospectively analyzed by using the epidemic report data. The etiological detection and viral gene characteristics were analyzed by direct immunofluorescence (DFA) and nested PCR. The sample survey was conducted to understand the knowledge of rural residents on rabies prevention and control Knowing the situation and the treatment of rabies after exposure. Results The epidemic situation of rabies in Hunan Province kept rising since 1996 and peaked in 2004, and gradually declined since 2007. The total number of healthy dogs was 2 437 from 2008 to 2010, of which 72 were positive for DFA screening, The positive rate was 2.95%. 72 samples were verified by nested PCR and 23 were positive (0.94%). Nested PCR detected 104 samples of salivary, cerebrospinal fluid, serum and urine in suspected rabies cases, and 11 were positive (10.58%); More than 90% of rural residents have heard of rabies, but only 20.1% and 17.3% of rabies patients were aware of high-risk behaviors and post-exposure prophylaxis. 89.09% of those who did not Use rabies passive immunization. Conclusion With the implementation of various prevention and control measures, the epidemic situation of rabies in Hunan Province has been declining. Residents lack of scientific understanding of rabies and the limited economic conditions are the main reasons for the non-compliance of rabies treatment after exposure.