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对长江下游最早的新石器时代遗址——上山遗址出土的各类水稻遗存,其性质是野生、驯化或者是处于驯化过程中,一直争议颇多,这也导致了关于水稻驯化开始时间的争执。本文利用植硅体分析对浙江浦江上山遗址南区剖面距今10000年至历史时期的文化层堆积物进行了研究。通过对提取出的水稻扇形植硅体进行形态测量和鱼鳞状纹饰的计数,结果发现,扇形植硅体的形态测量参数——长、宽和b/a值(扇形植硅体扇柄长度/扇面长度),在过去一万年间的变化呈无序状态;具有大于等于9个鱼鳞状纹饰的扇形植硅体,占扇形植硅体总量的比例越来越大,从上山文化早期的34.98%上升到河姆渡文化时期的44.68%,进而达到春秋战国时期的59.18%和唐宋时期的78.72%,反映了水稻漫长的驯化过程。通过与野生稻田扇形植硅体的对比,我们认为,上山文化时期水稻驯化已经开始;通过与现代稻田扇形植硅体的对比,我们认为,唐宋时期水稻扇形植硅体特征已与现代种植水稻扇形植硅体相同。
The debate over the timing of the domestication of rice has been the subject of much controversy over the various types of rice remains unearthed at the site of the Shangjiang, the earliest Neolithic site in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, whose nature is wild, domesticated or in the process of domestication. In this paper, phytolith analysis was carried out to study the cultural layer deposits in the southern section of the Shangshan site in Zhejiang Province from 10000 years ago to the historical period. Morphological measurements and scaly ornamentation of fan-shaped phytoliths in rice were carried out. The results showed that the shape parameters of the fan-shaped phytoliths-long, wide and b / a, Fan length), the change in the past ten thousand years was disorder; the fan-shaped phytoliths with greater than or equal to nine fish scales ornamentation accounted for an increasing proportion of the total amount of fan-shaped phytoliths, from 34.98 % To 44.68% of Hemudu culture period, and then to 59.18% in Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods and 78.72% in Tang and Song Dynasties, reflecting the long domestication process of rice. By comparison with the fan-shaped phyllosum in wild rice fields, we think that the domestication of rice in the Shangshan Culture period has begun. By comparison with the fan-shaped phytoliths in modern paddy fields, we believe that the characteristics of the fan-shaped phytoliths in the Tang and Song Dynasties have been in line with the modern planting of rice Fan-shaped silicon body the same.