一、黑人文学中的“祖先在场”美国黑人文学中有一种明显的话语特点,那就是作品人物祖先的“在场”与“缺席”。[1]托尼·莫里森认为,祖先的功能不是要树立父母的形象,而是建构一种可以为非裔艺术提供某种连续性的“永恒”实体。她注意到:“拉尔夫·埃利森和托尼·凯德·班巴拉的作品中常常出现祖先的情节,而理查德· First, the presence of ancestors in black literature There is an obvious discourse characteristic in Afro-American literature that ”the ancestors of the characters in the works are“ present ”and“ absent ”. [1] Tony Morrison argued that the function of ancestors is not to establish the image of their parents, but to construct an “eternal” entity that provides some continuity to Afro-American art. She noticed: "The ancestral plot often appears in the writings of Ralph Ellison and Tony Cade Bambara, and Richard