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目的探讨内皮祖细胞(EPCs)移植与骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗糖尿病(DM)下肢缺血大鼠的有效性和安全性。方法34只DM雄性 SD大鼠,下肢缺血模型造模后分为3组:A组(n=10):EPCs 移植;B组(n=12):骨髓单个核细胞移植;C组(n=12):生理盐水局部肌注。另取20例雄性 SD大鼠进行 DM造模,并提取骨髓单个核细胞分别用于移植及体外培养诱导分化为 EPCs,将 EPCs进行活细胞染色剂(CM-Dil)标记后移植。移植28 d后处死,取大鼠患肢肌肉标本,检测血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)及毛细血管密度(经血管性血友病因子vWF检测)。用 CM-Dil 对 EPCs 进行示踪,检测移植后大鼠患肢 CM-Dil 示踪情况。观察急性排斥反应及肿瘤的发生。结果 A组较 B 组及 C 组患肢 VEGF、eNOS 含量及毛细血管密度均明显增高(P<0.05)。EPCs移植后,患肢观察到CM-Dil标记细胞。移植后28 d未观察到急性排斥反应及肿瘤生长。结论 EPCs较骨髓单个核细胞移植能进一步增加DM大鼠下肢缺血局部 VEGF、eNOS含量和毛细血管密度。“,”Obj ective]To explore the effectiveness and safety of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)transplan-tation vs.bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus(DM)rats with low-er limb ischemia.[Methods]A total of 30 male SD rat models of DM with lower limb ischemia were established and divided into group A(EPCs transplantation group,n=10),group B(bone marrow mononuclear cell transplan-tation group,n=12)and group C(normal saline local intramuscular injection group,n=12).Other 20 male SD rats were selected to establish the DM model.Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated and used in transplan-tation or differentiated into EPCs,respectively.EPCs were transplanted after being labeled with live cell stainer CM-Dil.Rats were sacrificed 28d after transplantation.The samples of muscles in the affected limbs were collect-ed.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)and capillary density(de-tecting Von Willebrand factor,vWF)were detected.CM-Dil was used to trace EPCs.The tracing of the affected limbs in rats by CM-Dil after transplantation was examined.Acute rej ection and tumor growth were observed.[Results]Compared with group B and group C,the levels of VEGF,eNOS and capillary density in the affected limbs of group A were increased obviously(P<0.05).CM-Dil labeled cells after EPCs transplantation were found in affected limbs.No acute rejection and tumor growth 28d after transplantation were observed.[Conclusion]Compared with bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation,EPCs transplantation can more further increase the levels of VEGF,eNOS and the densities of capillary in DM rats with lower limb ischemia.