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战后以来,日本曾长期奉行以“贸易立国”战略为指导、以多边贸易体制为框架的对外贸易政策,因为这一制度安排给日本带来了巨大的经济利益。但自20世纪90年代末起,日本对FTA和EPA的关注日渐升温,并逐步发展起一套系统、明确的FTA战略。从背景来看,其对外贸易政策的转向是国内外政治经济形势变化的产物。就性质而言,FTA战略是日本在新时代的“贸易立国”战略。处理好开放和保护的关系、克服多元官僚制的困境、重视日中FTA,是日本FTA战略不容回避的问题。
Since the war, Japan has long followed the foreign trade policy guided by the strategy of “establishing a nation based on trade and guided by the multilateral trade system,” since this institutional arrangement has brought tremendous economic benefits to Japan. However, Japan has been paying more attention to FTA and EPA since the late 1990s, and has gradually developed a systematic and clear FTA strategy. From the background, the shift of its foreign trade policy is a product of changes in the political and economic situation at home and abroad. In terms of nature, the FTA strategy is Japan’s “nation-building strategy” in the new era. Handling the relationship between openness and protection, overcoming the predicament of the militarized bureaucracy, and attaching importance to the FTA in Japan and China are unavoidable issues for the Japanese FTA strategy.