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综述了黄土高原退耕还林(草)过程中鼠害问题及防治现状.退耕(牧)还林(草)对黄土高原地区的生态建设与可持续发展意义重大,鼠害始终是困扰黄土高原植被建设的重要问题,截至2004年底,西部12个省(区)的鼠害实际发生面积已达264.3×104hm2,地处黄土高原的陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、山西、内蒙古为最严重的省(区);环境变化、人类活动的压力、鼠类的天敌减少以及退耕还林(草)中缺少科学观念,仓促实施是鼠害发生的主要原因;鼠害对植被建设、经济发展、生态环境以及公共卫生安全影响巨大,但在治理方法上尚没有取得突破性的进展;本文对黄土高原鼠害治理现状和存在问题进行了分析,提出建议:(1)退耕还林(草)在总体规划中应纳入包括鼠害防治在内的林、草管护措施;(2)加大防治资金投入;(3)加强科学研究;(4)健全预测预报体系.
The problems of rodent pests and their prevention and control in the process of returning the grain plots to forestry (grassland) on the Loess Plateau were summarized. Returning land for farming to grazing was of great significance to the ecological construction and sustainable development in the Loess Plateau. Rats were always plagued the vegetation on the Loess Plateau As of the end of 2004, the area actually affected by rodent pests in the 12 western provinces (autonomous regions) has reached 264.3 × 104hm2. It is located in the most serious provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia in the Loess Plateau. Area); the changes of environment, the pressure of human activities, the reduction of natural enemies of rodents and the lack of scientific concept in the conversion of cropland to forest (grass), and the rush to implement are the main reasons for the occurrence of rodent pests; the rodent pests have great influence on the vegetation construction, economic development, ecological environment, Public health and safety have a great impact, but no breakthrough has been made in the methods of governance. In this paper, the status quo and existing problems of rodent control in the Loess Plateau are analyzed and suggestions are put forward as follows: (1) In the overall planning of returning farmland to forest Should be included in the prevention and control of rodents, including forest, grass management and protection measures; (2) increase investment in prevention and treatment; (3) to strengthen scientific research; (4) improve forecasting and forecasting system.