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近年来,全球海上油气勘探热点逐渐由浅水走向深水,而地震资料采集和处理是制约深水油气勘探的重要因素.以往资料表明,受采集观测系统的影响,深水盆地陡坡带的地震成像效果往往较差,对边界断层和下伏地层产状的认识造成严重影响.本文根据巴布亚盆地某深水工区实际数据,构建典型深水陡坡带地质模型,通过地震波场正演模拟方法对陡坡带地震采集的观测方式进行优化.结合基于波动方程的单炮照明和多炮照明组合等地震照明方法对目标层进行照明分析,探索影响陡坡带深大断层和上、下盘地层成像效果的原因.最后通过局部炮集数据进行叠前深度偏移处理,进一步验证波场正演模拟和照明分析指导观测系统优化设计的有效性.波场正演模拟和照明分析结果表明,对于拖缆式地震采集,采用左侧激发、长排列接收方式对深水陡坡带成像具有相对较好的效果.
In recent years, global offshore oil and gas exploration hot spots gradually move from shallow to deep water, and seismic data acquisition and processing are the important factors restricting deep-water oil and gas exploration.Previous data indicate that the seismic imaging effects of the steep slope in the deep-water basin are often affected by the acquisition observation system Poor, the boundary fault and the formation of underlying formation have a serious impact.This paper based on the actual data of a deep water area in the Papua Basin, to build a typical deep-water steep slope geological model, seismic wave field forward modeling method for steep slope seismic acquisition methods The illumination of the target layer is analyzed with the combination of single-gun illumination and multi-gun illumination combination based on the wave equation, and the reason of affecting the imaging effect of deep fault and upper and lower disk strata in steep slope is explored.Finally, Data prestack depth migration processing to further verify the wavefield forward modeling and lighting analysis guide the effectiveness of the optimal design of the observation system.Wavefield forward modeling and lighting analysis results show that the towline seismic acquisition using left side excitation , Long array of receiving methods for deep-water steep slope imaging has a relatively good effect .