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清末民初以降,一批翻译西方概念的汉字新术语应运而生,其间多有成功之作,却也有失当的案例。有些本是内涵明确而稳定的古汉语词,在借以对译西方概念的过程中,既抛弃了该词的汉语古义,也未与西义确切对应,又不能从词形推导出新义。“经济”、“形而上学”便是两个使用频率甚高的误植译词。今天我们有必要追踪误植发生的轨迹,探讨其在何种历史的及文化的背景下失足,以便总结教训,利于当下及今后中外术语对译的健康展开。此一梳理、辨析工作,当为中国近代文化史研究的题中应有之义。
In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, a number of new terminology of Chinese characters that translated the concept of the West came into being at the historic moment, during which there were many successful works but there were also misconduct cases. Some of them are ancient Chinese words with definite and stable connotation. In the process of translating the concept of the West, they both abandoned the ancient Chinese meaning of the word and did not exactly correspond to the Western meaning, nor did they derive the new meaning from the shape of the word. “Economy ”, “Metaphysics ” is the mistaken transliteration of the two high frequency of use. Today, it is necessary for us to trace the trajectory of mistreatment and explore the historical and cultural background of the mistakes so as to summarize the lessons learned and facilitate the healthy development of current and future Chinese and foreign terms for translation. This combing and discrimination work should have its meaning in the study of the cultural history of modern China.