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对许昌7种生境大型土壤动物的组成、垂直结构、多样性和相似性进行了比较研究。全部调查共获得土壤动物538只,隶属于3门7纲11目。从总体讲,优势类群为蚁科和线虫,分别占总捕获量的53.90%和18.03%;常见及较常见类群为鳞翅目、蚯蚓、鞘翅目、马陆、鳞翅目(蛹)、蛴螬、蜘蛛目、鼠妇,分别占总捕获量的9.48%、4.83%、2.79%、2.23%、2.04%、1.86%、1.30%、1.30%;蝉、双尾虫、蜈蚣目、摇蚊(幼)、弹尾虫为稀有类群。土壤动物的个体数量表现为:城市道路绿地(L)>河边人工林地(H)>河边人工灌丛沙地(G)>人工草地(R)>菜地(P)>校园人工林地(X)>废弃荒地(D),与类群数的变化趋势一致,这一差异突出表现为城市道路绿地(L)物种较丰富,而废弃荒地(D)动物群落较贫乏,同时说明人为干扰较小的生境土壤动物的数量和类群数较多。多样性指数则表现为:河边人工灌丛沙地(G)>校园人工林地(X)>河边人工林地(H)>人工草地(R)>废弃荒地(D)>城市道路绿地(L)>菜地(P),与均匀度指数基本相关而与丰富度关系不密切。相似性指数分析结果表明,7种生境下土壤动物的组成具有很高的异质性,其中菜地(P)和废弃荒地(D)的相似性最高,说明其群落组成相同。
The composition, vertical structure, diversity and similarity of macrofauna in seven habitats in Xuchang were compared. A total of 538 soil animals were obtained from all surveys, belonging to 3 classes, 7 classes and 11 orders. In general, the predominant species were Enticel and Nematode, accounting for 53.90% and 18.03% of the total catches respectively. Common and more common groups were Lepidoptera, Earthworm, Coleoptera, Malu, Lepidoptera, Arachnids, and males respectively accounted for 9.48%, 4.83%, 2.79%, 2.23%, 2.04%, 1.86%, 1.30% and 1.30% of the total catches; , The spring bug is a rare group. The number of individuals of soil animals showed as follows: Urban road greenbelts (L)> Artificial forest (H)> Artificial irrigated sandy land (G)> Artificial grassland (R)> Vegetable land Plot> X)> abandoned wasteland (D), which is consistent with the change trend of the number of taxa. This difference is highlighted by the abundance of urban greenway (L) species and the poorer wasteland (D) animal community, Habitat Soil fauna is larger in number and taxa. The diversity index showed as follows: Artificial irrigated land on the riverside (G)> Artificial forest on campus (X)> Artificial forest on riverside> Artificial grassland> Abandoned wasteland> )> Vegetable field (P), and the evenness index is basically related to the degree of richness is not closely related. The results of similarity index showed that the composition of soil fauna was highly heterogeneous in seven habitats, of which the similarity between the vegetable land (P) and abandoned wasteland (D) was the highest, indicating that the community composition was the same.