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一系列复杂的、动态的物理、化学和地质过程影响沉积盆地的形成、沉积物充填和流体性质史。例如,砂岩、泥岩沉积物通过海侵埋藏和压实后,其所受的温度会升高,压力会增大。温度和压力和升高又会加速一系列的相互关联的成岩和机械作用,这种成岩和机械作用又进而改变沉积物及其孔隙流体的物理和化学特性。沉积矿物成岩作用的一种重要结果是使干酪根(有机质)生成烃。上述作用还决定某种沉积物是否运移和储存流体,在某些情况下可能形成油气藏。
A series of complex, dynamic physical, chemical, and geological processes influence the formation of sedimentary basins, sediment filling and fluid properties. For example, after the sandstone and mudstone have been buried and compacted by transgression, the temperature they are exposed to will increase and the pressure will increase. In turn, temperature and pressure and acceleration accelerate a series of interlinked diagenesis and mechanical actions that in turn alter the physical and chemical properties of sediments and their pore fluids. An important consequence of the diagenesis of sedimentary minerals is kerogenesis (organic matter) to hydrocarbons. The above effects also determine whether certain sediments migrate and store fluids and in some cases may form reservoirs.