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单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simplex virus，HSV)是一种双链DNA病毒，常感染皮肤和黏膜上皮细胞并潜伏于宿主感觉神经元中，拥有周期性再激活引起感染复发的特性，以及多种对抗宿主免疫系统攻击及逃避免疫监视的策略。人体免疫系统已进化出多种应对HSV原发感染和潜伏复发的机制。树突状细胞(dendritic cells，DCs)作为人体最重要的抗原提呈细胞之一，可以对感染部位的病原体进行识别并激活特异性T细胞，在机体抵抗病毒的过程中发挥重要作用。本文将对HSV的免疫机制，特别是DCs在HSV诱导的免疫应答中的作用及研究进展进行综述。“,”Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that can infect skin and mucosal epithelial cells. It can establish latency in sensory neurons and sporadically reactivate from these cells. In order to reply to attacks of the host and evade the immunity surveillance during infection and reactivation, HSV has developed a multitude of clever strategies. Dendritic cells (DCs), one of the most important antigen-presenting cells (APC), can recognize pathogens at the infection sites and activate specific T cells, thus playing a crucial role in the host immunity against virus infection. This paper reviewed the mechanism of the host immunity against HSV, especially the role of DCs in HSV-induced immune responses and the future research perspective.