论经济照马克思的说法,历史乃是动态经济学——即个人、团体、阶级与国家间为食物、燃料、物资与经济力量的竞争。政治的体制、宗教的制度、文化的创造,都植于经济的实体之中。因此,产业革命带来了民主政治、女权运动、生育控制、社会主义、宗教的衰颓、道德的松弛,小说也以现实主义代替浪漫主义——以及经济史观。毫无问题,经济的解释说明更多的历史现象。但是他低估了非经济诱因在群众行为中所充当的角色。由于宗教的狂热,像在回教或西班牙的 On Economic As Marx put it, history is dynamic economics - the competition for food, fuel, supplies, and economic power between individuals, groups, classes and nations. Political system, religious system, and cultural creation are all embedded in economic entities. Therefore, the industrial revolution brought democracy, feminism, birth control, socialism, religious decay and moral relaxation, and the novel replaced realism with romanticism - and economic history. No problem, economic explanation to explain more historical phenomena. But he underestimated the role of non-economic incentives in mass behavior. Due to religious fanaticism, like in Islam or Spain