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请先看课本中的例句(必修三 Unit 5,P34)
(1)The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. 他们可以横穿整个大陆的想法非常令人振奋。
(2)Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days. 有些人认为你可以在五天内横穿加拿大。
(3)But they forget the fact that Canada is 5, 500 kilometres from coast to coast. 但是他们忘了加拿大东西海岸相隔5,500公里。
解析 以上三个句子中that引导的从句都是对前面划横线部分的具体内容的解释。
在抽象名词后面用连接词引导一个句子来解释这个名词的具体内容即为同为语从句。换言之,同位语从句与他所修饰的名词在内容上是同一关系,是对其内容的进一步说明。
通常用于连接同位语从句的抽象名词(也叫先行词)列举如下:
fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,chance,possibility,information,message,wish,promise,answer,evidence(证据),report,explanation,conclusion(结论),worry,question,thought,story,reason,impression(印象),doubt(怀疑),belief(信念;观点),suggestion,advice,order(命令),demand(要求), requirement(要求)
注意 上述连接词中,suggestion,advice,order,demand,requirement后面的同位语从句谓语动词只能用“should + v.”。
同位语从句的引导词(从属连接词):
1. 连接代词:
(1)that
当主从句之间逻辑意义完整时,用that引导同位语从句,that在句中没有任何含义,在从句中也不做任何成分,但此处that不能省略。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
解析 they had won the game说明the news的全部内容,而且主从句的逻辑意义完整。因此应用that引导同位语从句。
The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了命令,要求战士们立即过河。
解析 the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整。因此应用that引导同位语从句。
(2)what/which/who(whom)/whose + n.
当主从句的逻辑意义不完整,需要加上“什么”、“哪个”、“谁”、“谁的”才能表达完整的逻辑意义时,就需要用“what/which/who(whom) /whose+n” 引导同位语从句,而不用 that。尽管由疑问词引导,但是必须用陈述句语序。
I have no idea what they are talking about. 我不知道他们在谈论什么。
解析 what they are talking about是idea的全部内容,同时主从句的逻辑意义不完整,需要加上“什么”才能表达出完整的逻辑意义,因此应用what引导同位语从句,引导词what在从句中作宾语。
He raised a question at the meeting who is to blame for the accident. 他在会上提出了一个问题,谁应该承担这次事故的责任。
解析 who is to blame for the accident是question的全部内容,同时逻辑意义不完整,所以用who引导同位语从句。
2. 连接副词
when,where,why,how,whether
①I have no idea where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪里。
解析 where he lives是idea的全部内容而且主从句逻辑意义不完整,应加“哪里”才能表达完整逻辑,因此用where引导同位语从句。
②I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 我记不清他是怎么回家的,也许是骑自行车。
解析 how he went home是impression的全部内容。而且主从句的逻辑意义不完整,根据perhaps by bike,应该用how引导同位语从句。
③It is hard for him to make a decision whether he should go to the party. 他很难决定是否要去参加晚会。
解析 whether he should go to the party是decision的全部内容,而且逻辑意义不完整,应该用whether引导同位语从句。
注意 (1)if也有“是否“之意,但是它不能引导同位语从句。
(2)尽管由疑问词引导,但是不能用疑问语序。
练习
1. 毫无疑问,抽烟对身体有害。
___________ smoking does harm to health. (doubt)
2. 因为生病, 所以他迟到了。
He was late for the reason___________. (be)
3. 老师建议我们做些运动。
The teacher gave us some advice ___________. (do)
4. 我不知道会议将在哪里举行。
I have no idea___________ . (hold)
5. 他们正在讨论是否应该改变原计划。
They are having a discussion ___________.(change)
6. 关于如何解决这个问题的建议值得考虑。
The suggestion ___________is worth considering. (solve)
7. 尽管他很努力,但还是没能通过考试。
In spite of ___________, he failed in the exam. (work)
8. 情况是这样的, 他五年前蹲过监狱。
The story goes___________ five years ago. (put)
9. 他可能不会来参加我的晚会了。
There is little chance___________. (come)
10. 他很难向我解释他为什么要泄漏我的秘密。
It is hard for him to answer my question___________ . (give)
答案
1. There is no doubt that
2. that he was ill
3. that we should do sports
4. where the meeting will be held
5. whether the original plan should be changed
6. how the problem should/can be solved
7. the fact that he worked hard
8. that he was put in prison
9. that he will come to my party
10. why he gave away my secret
(1)The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. 他们可以横穿整个大陆的想法非常令人振奋。
(2)Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days. 有些人认为你可以在五天内横穿加拿大。
(3)But they forget the fact that Canada is 5, 500 kilometres from coast to coast. 但是他们忘了加拿大东西海岸相隔5,500公里。
解析 以上三个句子中that引导的从句都是对前面划横线部分的具体内容的解释。
在抽象名词后面用连接词引导一个句子来解释这个名词的具体内容即为同为语从句。换言之,同位语从句与他所修饰的名词在内容上是同一关系,是对其内容的进一步说明。
通常用于连接同位语从句的抽象名词(也叫先行词)列举如下:
fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,chance,possibility,information,message,wish,promise,answer,evidence(证据),report,explanation,conclusion(结论),worry,question,thought,story,reason,impression(印象),doubt(怀疑),belief(信念;观点),suggestion,advice,order(命令),demand(要求), requirement(要求)
注意 上述连接词中,suggestion,advice,order,demand,requirement后面的同位语从句谓语动词只能用“should + v.”。
同位语从句的引导词(从属连接词):
1. 连接代词:
(1)that
当主从句之间逻辑意义完整时,用that引导同位语从句,that在句中没有任何含义,在从句中也不做任何成分,但此处that不能省略。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
解析 they had won the game说明the news的全部内容,而且主从句的逻辑意义完整。因此应用that引导同位语从句。
The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了命令,要求战士们立即过河。
解析 the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整。因此应用that引导同位语从句。
(2)what/which/who(whom)/whose + n.
当主从句的逻辑意义不完整,需要加上“什么”、“哪个”、“谁”、“谁的”才能表达完整的逻辑意义时,就需要用“what/which/who(whom) /whose+n” 引导同位语从句,而不用 that。尽管由疑问词引导,但是必须用陈述句语序。
I have no idea what they are talking about. 我不知道他们在谈论什么。
解析 what they are talking about是idea的全部内容,同时主从句的逻辑意义不完整,需要加上“什么”才能表达出完整的逻辑意义,因此应用what引导同位语从句,引导词what在从句中作宾语。
He raised a question at the meeting who is to blame for the accident. 他在会上提出了一个问题,谁应该承担这次事故的责任。
解析 who is to blame for the accident是question的全部内容,同时逻辑意义不完整,所以用who引导同位语从句。
2. 连接副词
when,where,why,how,whether
①I have no idea where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪里。
解析 where he lives是idea的全部内容而且主从句逻辑意义不完整,应加“哪里”才能表达完整逻辑,因此用where引导同位语从句。
②I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 我记不清他是怎么回家的,也许是骑自行车。
解析 how he went home是impression的全部内容。而且主从句的逻辑意义不完整,根据perhaps by bike,应该用how引导同位语从句。
③It is hard for him to make a decision whether he should go to the party. 他很难决定是否要去参加晚会。
解析 whether he should go to the party是decision的全部内容,而且逻辑意义不完整,应该用whether引导同位语从句。
注意 (1)if也有“是否“之意,但是它不能引导同位语从句。
(2)尽管由疑问词引导,但是不能用疑问语序。
练习
1. 毫无疑问,抽烟对身体有害。
___________ smoking does harm to health. (doubt)
2. 因为生病, 所以他迟到了。
He was late for the reason___________. (be)
3. 老师建议我们做些运动。
The teacher gave us some advice ___________. (do)
4. 我不知道会议将在哪里举行。
I have no idea___________ . (hold)
5. 他们正在讨论是否应该改变原计划。
They are having a discussion ___________.(change)
6. 关于如何解决这个问题的建议值得考虑。
The suggestion ___________is worth considering. (solve)
7. 尽管他很努力,但还是没能通过考试。
In spite of ___________, he failed in the exam. (work)
8. 情况是这样的, 他五年前蹲过监狱。
The story goes___________ five years ago. (put)
9. 他可能不会来参加我的晚会了。
There is little chance___________. (come)
10. 他很难向我解释他为什么要泄漏我的秘密。
It is hard for him to answer my question___________ . (give)
答案
1. There is no doubt that
2. that he was ill
3. that we should do sports
4. where the meeting will be held
5. whether the original plan should be changed
6. how the problem should/can be solved
7. the fact that he worked hard
8. that he was put in prison
9. that he will come to my party
10. why he gave away my secret