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目的探讨国人后交叉韧带的分束情况,对前外侧束和后内侧束的止点进行观测,掌握更为详细的解剖学资料,为临床双束重建后交叉韧带提供解剖学基础。方法30例膝关节标本,将后交叉韧带分为前外侧束和后内侧束,对双束股骨及胫骨端止点进行标记和解剖学观测。结果后交叉韧带的双束股骨止点中点至股骨内髁关节软骨前缘的距离分别为(8.52±1.81)mm和(11.63±1.81)mm,至股骨髁间窝顶的垂直距离分别为(4.67±0.55)mm和(10.32±1.23)mm;胫骨止点中点至胫骨关节面的垂直距离分别为(8.43±1.21)mm和(14.52±2.31)mm,至胫骨内侧软骨边缘的距离分别为(47.44±6.23)mm和(45.95±6.32)mm。双束股骨附丽区面积分别为(107.12±15.25)mm2和(65.35±10.27)mm2;胫骨附丽区面积分别为(50.07±11.33)mm2和(51.08±10.22)mm2。结论揭示了后交叉韧带双束止点的解剖学特点,为临床应用提供解剖学基础。
Objective To investigate the splitting of posterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in Chinese people and to observe the stop points of the anterolateral and posterior medial bundles and to obtain more detailed anatomical data to provide an anatomical basis for clinical reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament. Methods Thirty patients with knee joint were divided into anterolateral and posterior medial segments of the posterior cruciate ligament to mark and anatomize the double ends of the femur and tibia. Results The distance between the midpoint of the double-bundle femoral condyle of the posterior cruciate ligament and the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle was (8.52 ± 1.81) mm and (11.63 ± 1.81) mm, respectively. The vertical distance from the midpoint to the femoral condyle was 4.67 ± 0.55 mm and 10.32 ± 1.23 mm respectively. The vertical distances from the midpoint of tibia to the tibial articular surface were (8.43 ± 1.21) mm and (14.52 ± 2.31) mm, respectively, and the distances from the cartilaginous edge to medial tibial cartilage were (47.44 ± 6.23) mm and (45.95 ± 6.32) mm respectively. The area of double-bundle femur and purpura was (107.12 ± 15.25) mm2 and (65.35 ± 10.27) mm2, respectively. The area of tibia and purpura was 50.07 ± 11.33 mm2 and 51.08 ± 10.22 mm2, respectively. Conclusion The anatomical characteristics of double-bundle point of posterior cruciate ligament were revealed, which provided anatomical basis for clinical application.