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英语中的名词指一种抽象或具体的事物,有可数名词和不可数名词之分。
[可数名词]
可数名词指的是在数量上可以计数,数出数量的名词。
可数名词有单复数之分。单数可数名词表泛指时,前面要有不定冠词a/an,如:a map, an apple等。单数可数名词变复数的变化规则如下:
[不可数名词]
不可数名词指的是不能以数目来计算,不可以分割成个体的表示概念、状态、感情或物质材料的名词,如:paper, air, milk, money等。
不可数名词没有复数形式,其前也不能用a/an或其他具体的数词来修饰。
不可数名词的量一般用some, much, a lot of, lots of, a bit of, a little, little等表示,如:some meat, a lot of money, a little water等。
不可数名词的量还可以用适当的量词作单位来表示,结构为“数词+量词+of +不可数名词”,其单复数变化就体现在量词的单复数上。如:a glass of milk, two glasses of milk等。
[可數名词或不可数名词作主语]
可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致;不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。如:
The picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很漂亮。
These pictures are very beautiful. 这些画很漂亮。
The beef is delicious. 牛肉很好吃。
[对可数名词或不可数名词的数量提问]
对可数名词的数量提问时,用how many;对不可数名词的数量提问时,用how much。
[例题解析]
1. Hurry up! Some______and______are on sale in the supermarket.
A. tomato; egg B. tomatoes; egg
C. tomatoes; eggs D. tomato; eggs
【答案与解析】C. tomato是可数名词,其复数形式为tomatoes;egg也是可数名词,其复数形式为eggs。
2. —What else do we need to make cold beef?
—______.
A. Two spoons salt B. Two spoons of salts
C. Two spoons of salt
【答案与解析】C. salt是不可数名词,没有复数形式,其具体数量可以用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示,数词大于1时,量词要用复数形式。
3. I’m not hungry because I have just had much______.
A. bread B. pears C. eggs
【答案与解析】A. much修饰不可数名词,其后空白处应填不可数名词,显然,供选项中bread意为“面包”,是不可数名词。
[学以致用]
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. These ______ (strawberry)taste good. I’d like to buy some more.
2. Susan added some ______ (honey)to my juice.
3. Chinese people often eat ______ (dumpling)during the Spring Festival.
4. She likes ______ (chicken)in a sandwich, but she dislike ______ (tomato)in it.
5. My brother had a few ______ (piece)of pie for supper yesterday.
参考答案
1. strawberries 2. honey 3. dumplings 4. chicken; tomatoes 5. pieces
[可数名词]
可数名词指的是在数量上可以计数,数出数量的名词。
可数名词有单复数之分。单数可数名词表泛指时,前面要有不定冠词a/an,如:a map, an apple等。单数可数名词变复数的变化规则如下:
[不可数名词]
不可数名词指的是不能以数目来计算,不可以分割成个体的表示概念、状态、感情或物质材料的名词,如:paper, air, milk, money等。
不可数名词没有复数形式,其前也不能用a/an或其他具体的数词来修饰。
不可数名词的量一般用some, much, a lot of, lots of, a bit of, a little, little等表示,如:some meat, a lot of money, a little water等。
不可数名词的量还可以用适当的量词作单位来表示,结构为“数词+量词+of +不可数名词”,其单复数变化就体现在量词的单复数上。如:a glass of milk, two glasses of milk等。
[可數名词或不可数名词作主语]
可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致;不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。如:
The picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很漂亮。
These pictures are very beautiful. 这些画很漂亮。
The beef is delicious. 牛肉很好吃。
[对可数名词或不可数名词的数量提问]
对可数名词的数量提问时,用how many;对不可数名词的数量提问时,用how much。
[例题解析]
1. Hurry up! Some______and______are on sale in the supermarket.
A. tomato; egg B. tomatoes; egg
C. tomatoes; eggs D. tomato; eggs
【答案与解析】C. tomato是可数名词,其复数形式为tomatoes;egg也是可数名词,其复数形式为eggs。
2. —What else do we need to make cold beef?
—______.
A. Two spoons salt B. Two spoons of salts
C. Two spoons of salt
【答案与解析】C. salt是不可数名词,没有复数形式,其具体数量可以用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示,数词大于1时,量词要用复数形式。
3. I’m not hungry because I have just had much______.
A. bread B. pears C. eggs
【答案与解析】A. much修饰不可数名词,其后空白处应填不可数名词,显然,供选项中bread意为“面包”,是不可数名词。
[学以致用]
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. These ______ (strawberry)taste good. I’d like to buy some more.
2. Susan added some ______ (honey)to my juice.
3. Chinese people often eat ______ (dumpling)during the Spring Festival.
4. She likes ______ (chicken)in a sandwich, but she dislike ______ (tomato)in it.
5. My brother had a few ______ (piece)of pie for supper yesterday.
参考答案
1. strawberries 2. honey 3. dumplings 4. chicken; tomatoes 5. pieces