学生的外语语用能力是其语言能力的构成部分之一。外语语用能力的形成和发展受到外部环境和学习者个体两大方面因素的影响。环境因素主要包括母语文化、目的语国家停留和居住时间、语用输入方式等;学习者个体因素包括语用意识、文化身份、性格类型等。 Students’ foreign language pragmatic competence is one of the components of their language ability. The formation and development of foreign language pragmatic competence are influenced by two factors: the external environment and individual learners. The main environmental factors include the native language culture, the stay and residence time of destination countries, and the pragmatic input methods. The individual factors of learners include pragmatic awareness, cultural identity and personality types.