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本文以新近出版的上海博物馆藏战国楚简《诗论》以及马王堆帛书《五行》、郭店楚简等出土文献资料为基础,结合传世文献,探索孔子及其后学对《诗经》中《国风》、《小雅》、《大雅》、《颂》的首篇《关雎》、《鹿鸣》、《文王》、《清庙》的评价。经分析,得知孔子及其后学分别看重这几首诗中所包含、强调的夫妇、君臣、天人、父子关系,即是儒家所极为看重的“六位”和“天人”关系。由此推断《诗经》的“四始”问题,与孔子或其后学有关。
Based on the newly published “Poetry Theory” of the Chu Kingdom of the Warring States Period in Shanghai Museum and the unearthed documents and materials of the “Five Elements” and the Guodian Bamboo Slips of the Mawangdui Warring States, “Guofeng”, “Xiaoya”, “Taiga”, “Ode” the first “Kuan”, “Luming”, “King Wen”, “Qing Temple” evaluation. After analysis, we can see that Confucius and his subsequent studies value the relationship of the couple, the monarch, the heaven and the human being, the father-son relationship included in these poems respectively, that is, the relationship between the “six” and the “heaven and human” that Confucianism highly values. This concludes that the “four starts” of The Book of Songs is related to Confucius or his later studies.