四、产权的排 他成本 以上对科斯定理的“辩护”,并不是说该定理没有可批评之处。例如,科斯定理所假定的交易费用为零,只是定价制定的费用为零。科斯定理又假定产权是充分界定的。界定产权实际上是有费用的,充分界定所涉及的费用可能更高。但在科斯定理中,界定产权的费用似乎未被明确考虑(不论是否假定其为零)。当然,定价制度的费用并非与界定产权的费用无关,但区 IV. Exclusive Cost of Property The above “defense” of Coase's theorem does not mean that there is no criticism of the theorem. For example, the transaction cost assumed by Coase's theorem is zero, only the cost set by the pricing is zero. Coase Theorem also assumes that property rights are well defined. Defining property rights is actually costly, and it may be more costly to fully define it. However, in the Coase Theorem, it seems that the cost of defining property rights is not explicitly considered (whether or not it is assumed to be zero). Of course, the cost of the pricing system is not unrelated to the cost of defining property rights, but the district