佛家素有“成住坏空”的轮回之说。作为中国古代最著名的商帮,晋商历经明清两代,曾经创造了令人瞩目的辉煌和荣耀,但在现代化的大潮来临之际,最后却黯然倒下。余秋雨先生说:“我认为,是19世纪中叶以来连续不断的激进主义的暴力冲撞,一次次阻断了中国经济自然演进的路程,最终摧毁了山西商人。”从鸦片战争始,中国的现代化伴随着一系列严重的暴力和动荡。从晚清到民初,战乱不仅毁灭了农业经济,更让 Buddhism known as “living bad ” cycle of the saying. As the most famous commercial enterprise in ancient China, the Shanxi merchants, after going through the Ming and Qing dynasties, have created remarkable glory and glory. However, they finally collapsed when the tide of modernization came. Mr. Yu Qiuyu said: “I think it was a series of violent and violent clashes that took place since the middle of the 19th century. This time and again blocked the natural evolution of China’s economy and eventually destroyed Shanxi businessmen.” "Since the Opium War, China’s Modernization is accompanied by a series of serious violence and instability. From the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republican China, the war not only ruined the agricultural economy but also gave more