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胡适、傅斯年运用进化史观,以现代科学方法论和史学观为依据对宋代学术加以研究和评判。胡适说,宋学的最大贡献是提出了“格物致知”的科学方法论,开启中国现代学术的先河,清学与之一脉相承;朱子是影响中国近代思想最大最深的思想家;宋代的功利主义思想有着积极意义。傅斯年推崇程朱理学的“道问学”及其科学性,认为清代朴学虽然攻击宋学,其学术立场与宋学实质上是相近的;朱子学在中国思想史上有承上启下的伟大贡献;宋代史学在史料考订与整理上取得重大成就,具有近代科学性,开创了近代中国史学。他们着力发掘宋学中的科学精神和方法论,以之作为中国学术现代转型的资源,体现了工具理性的价值观。但是,他们否认中国传统学术道德理性的价值及对中国现代学术构建的作用,是典型的唯科学主义和西方文化中心论,存在严重片面性和理论缺陷;他们倡导的历史进化观与马克思的唯物史观的历史主义也不能相提并论。客观认识他们学术方法论得失,对建构当代中国人文学术话语体系具有重要启示。
Hu Shi and Fu Si-nian used the concept of evolutionary history to study and judge the academic of Song Dynasty on the basis of modern scientific methodology and historical view. Hu Shih said that the greatest contribution of Song Xue was to put forward the scientific methodology of “Gezhi Zhizhi”, open the precedent of Chinese modern academy and follow the same line of thought; Qing dynasty was the thinker who influenced the greatest and deepest Chinese modern thought; the utilitarianism of Song Dynasty Has a positive meaning. Fu Sinian respected Zhu Xi’s doctrine and its scientific nature, and considered that although the academic study of Song Dynasty in Qing Dynasty was essentially similar to Song Studies, Zhu Xi Xue had a great contribution to the history of Chinese thought. Historiography of Song Dynasty made great achievements in the research and collation of historical materials, with modern science and pioneering modern Chinese historiography. They focus their efforts on exploiting the scientific spirit and methodology in Song Studies as a resource for the transformation of Chinese academic modernization, reflecting the values of instrumental rationality. However, they deny the value of Chinese traditional academic morality and its influence on the construction of modern Chinese academics. They are typical scientist and western cultural center theories with serious flaws and theoretical flaws. The historical evolution they advocate and the historical materialism of Marx View of historicism can not be compared. Obtaining an objective understanding of the gains and losses of their academic methodology is of great significance to the construction of a contemporary Chinese system of academic discourse.