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目的观察高粱根不同极性提取部位的急性毒性及抗凝血作用。方法用溶剂法提取分离高粱根的不同极性部位;采用改进寇氏法进行急性毒性试验;测定小鼠的断尾出血时间(BT)、体外血凝血时间(CT)、血浆复钙时间(PRT)、大鼠凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原含量(Fbg)、血小板聚集率及耳廓微动脉口径(A)等指标。结果 ig给予小鼠高粱根醇提萃取剩余部位(ER)的LD50=6.3 g·kg~(-1),95%可信区间为5.7~7.0 g·kg~(-1);ig给予小鼠高粱根正丁醇部位(BES)、水提醇沉上清液部分(WEAE)的最大耐受量分别为8.0、6.7 g·kg~(-1);ig给予小鼠高粱根乙酸乙酯部位(EAE)和醇提后药渣水提(SWE)的最大给药量分别为4.4、8.0 g·kg~(-1);BES和WEAE可明显延长小鼠的BT、CT,扩张微动脉、延长大鼠PRT、PT、APTT、TT、抑制血小板聚集。结论 ER的毒性较大,BES与WEAE的毒性较小,EAE与SWE短期口服给药几乎无毒。BES和WEAE具有抗凝血作用,其抗凝血机制可能与通过影响内源性凝血途径、外源性凝血途径和抑制血小板聚集有关。
Objective To observe the acute toxicity and anticoagulant effect of different polar extracts of sorghum root. Methods The different polar fractions of sorghum root were isolated and purified by solvent method. Acute toxicity test was made by improved Kovar method. The duration of tail bleeding, CT, PRT ), Thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen content (Fbg), platelet aggregation rate and auricle micro-artery caliber (A) index. Results The LD50 of the sorghum root alcohol extractive residue (ig) was 6.3 g · kg ~ (-1) and the 95% confidence interval was 5.7 ~ 7.0 g · kg ~ (-1) Sorghum root n-butanol fraction (BES), water extract supernatant (WEAE) of the maximum tolerance were 8.0,6.7 g · kg ~ (-1); ig given sorghum root ethyl acetate EAE and SWE were 4.4 and 8.0 g · kg -1, respectively. BES and WEAE could significantly prolong the BT, CT, dilatation of arterioles, Prolonged PRT, PT, APTT, TT, inhibited platelet aggregation. Conclusions ER is more toxic, less toxic to BES and WEAE, and EAE and SWE are almost non-toxic for short-term oral administration. BES and WEAE have anticoagulant effects. The anticoagulant mechanism of BES and WEAE may be related to the influence of endogenous coagulation pathway, extrinsic coagulation pathway and inhibition of platelet aggregation.