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盖表皮或菌柄表皮具有褐色色素这一特征在乳菇属小红乳菇亚属Lactarius subg.Russularia中较为少见.文中描述了产于中国南部的2个子实体褐色、表皮中具有褐色色素的乳菇新种:暗褐乳菇L.atrofuscus和橄榄褐乳菇L.olivaceofuscus.其中,暗褐乳菇L.atrofuscus的孢子球形,盖表皮为(子实层)球囊型,缺乏大囊体;除褐色色素外,盖表皮和菌柄表皮中所具有的树脂样皮壳物质也是识别该种的关键特征.橄榄褐乳菇L.olivaceofuscus的表皮内色素为深橄榄褐色,缺乏树脂样皮壳物质;菌盖强烈皱缩,盖表皮末端菌丝细长,较大的孢子具有较高的条脊和翼,这些特征可以将其与暗褐乳菇和其他相近种相区别.文中提供了该2种的宏观形态和显微特征描述,以及与相近种的形态对比和真菌条形码ITS序列.“,”Having brown pigmentation in pileipellis and stipitipellis is a rare character in Lactarius subg.Russularia.Here two new species with brown basidiocarps and pigmentation in the pellis are described from southern China.Lactarius atrofuscus has globose spores with an incomplete reticulum,pileipellis an(hymeno)epithelium and absence of macrocystidia.Besides the brown pigmentation,the resin-like encrustations in the pileipellis and stipitipellis can also be used for recognition.Lactar-ius olivaceofuscus has olivaceous brown pigmentation but lacks resin-like encrustations.The long ter-minal cells in the pileipellis and bigger spores with higher ornamentation separate it from L.atrofus-cus and its look-alikes.Macro-and microscopical descriptions,morphological comparisons with their look-alikes and fungal barcode ITS sequences of the two new species are provided.