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1917年俄国十月革命后,苏俄政府试图与中国建立外交关系以改善其外交环境,但中苏两国的建交过程因中苏两国国内形势变化及列强干涉等原因而充满曲折。1923~1924年间,中苏两国进行建交谈判,问题涉及中东铁路、治外法权及租界等旧俄在中国侵夺的权益。列强为自己的利益再次对中苏谈判进行了干涉,谈判一度陷于停顿。最后,两国于1924年5月31日签订了协定,正式建立外交关系。根据中苏协定,中国收回了部分主权与利权,但对于中东铁路及外蒙古问题仍留有悬案。
After the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia, the Soviet government tried to establish diplomatic relations with China to improve its diplomatic environment. However, the process of establishing diplomatic relations between China and the Soviet Union was full of twists and turns due to changes in the domestic situation in the two countries and interference by the powers. Between 1923 and 1924, China and the Soviet Union held negotiations on establishing diplomatic relations. The issues involved the rights of the old Russians such as the Middle East Railway, extra-territorial rights and concessions to be violated in China. For their own interests, the powers once again interfered in the Sino-Soviet negotiations, and the negotiations were at a standstill. Finally, on May 31, 1924, the two countries signed an agreement to formally establish diplomatic relations. According to the agreement between China and the Soviet Union, China took back some of its sovereignty and rights, but left over the issue of the Middle East Railway and Outer Mongolia.