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中国农村地区现行的居民点再利用模式单一,部分地区出现复垦地二次抛荒的问题,与此同时,农村环境污染问题依旧严峻。本研究通过引入生态理念,将生态用地作为居民点再利用新方向,建立考虑人地多因素的再利用评价体系,得出再利用优先方向,以期减少耕地闲置、改善生态环境,并以湖北省房县为研究区,以耕地和林地为例,通过改进型TOPSIS法和综合打分法对比研究,给出该地400余块农村居民点土地再利用建议。结果表明:房县潜在可再利用居民点具有明显区位特征,土地总体规模不断下降;过半居民点地块被评价为“非耕”类型,不同评价方法下“宜耕”地块规模差异显著。研究指出:评价体系适合微观层面地块宜耕性的判别,有继续扩展影响因子维度、丰富评价结果多样性的空间;过去“复垦优先”模式不合理,再利用评价显得迫在眉睫,可结合实际需要选择不同方法设置各类土地规模,尝试融合各类土地整理项目的流程与指标;下一步需考虑居民点再利用实施中的影响因素,建立贯穿再利用全过程的框架体系。
At present, the existing re-use patterns of residential areas in rural areas of China are single, and the problem of secondary abandonment of reclaimed land occurs in some areas. At the same time, the problem of environmental pollution in rural areas remains harsh. In this study, by introducing the concept of ecology, using ecological land as residential area to re-use the new direction to establish a reuse evaluation system that takes into account the multi-factors of man and land, draw priority to re-use, with a view to reducing idle land and improving the ecological environment. Fang County as a research area, taking cultivated land and woodland as an example, through the comparative study of the improved TOPSIS method and comprehensive scoring method, gives suggestions on land reuse of more than 400 rural settlements in this area. The results showed that: Potential reusable settlements in Fangxian County have obvious location characteristics, and the overall size of the land is declining. Most of the plots of residential areas are evaluated as “non-tillage” types, with different evaluation methods Significant differences in scale. The research indicates that the evaluation system is suitable for discriminating the tillage of the plots on the micro level, expanding the dimension of influencing factors and enriching the diversity of the evaluation results. In the past, the “reclamation priority” mode was unreasonable and the reuse evaluation was imminent. According to the actual needs, we choose different methods to set the scale of all kinds of land and try to integrate the processes and indicators of various types of land consolidation projects. The next step is to consider the influencing factors in the implementation of residential land reuse and to establish a framework that runs through the entire process of reutilization.