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本文研究了拉丁美洲由进口替代型的工业化(ISI)向新自由主义的转型,并且对这个地区新自由主义政策的效果做出了评价。作者特别研究了阿根廷、巴西和墨西哥这几个在拉美地区面积最大、人口最多的国家。文章认为,在过去的20年中,虽然拉美的经济增长缓慢,但是其变化却是巨大的。新自由主义改革带来了宏观经济的稳定、促成了一个由外国资本支持的消费主导型增长的循环。然而,改革是有限的,它并未克服进口替代型工业化(ISI)的缺点,而且新的经济形态还同时受到新自由主义特殊缺陷的不良影响。最后,文章认为,拉美地区需要一种截然不同的经济模式,即民主的和分配经济模式。文章对这种经济模式进行了概述。
This article examines the transition from import-oriented industrialization (ISI) to neo-liberalism in Latin America and assesses the effectiveness of neoliberal policies in the region. In particular, the authors study Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, the largest and most populous countries in Latin America. The article believes that in the past 20 years, although Latin America’s economic growth is slow, but its change is huge. Neoliberal reform has brought macroeconomic stability and contributed to a cycle of consumer-led growth supported by foreign capital. However, the reform is limited. It does not overcome the shortcomings of the import-oriented industrialization (ISI), and the new economy is also adversely affected by the special defects of neoliberalism. Finally, the article argues that Latin America needs a very different economic model, that is, a democratic and distributional economic model. The article provides an overview of this economic model.