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按照合成程度的不同,复合名词一般有三种:合写类(如blackboard)、分写类(如hot line)、连字符类(如air-conditioner)。合写类的关系最紧密,已成为一个词,分写类的关系最不紧密,连字符类的居中。为简便起见,我们分别以AB、A B、A-B来表示,考虑到A-B类的特殊性,又继而将其分为重心在A和重心在B类(由三个或三个以上词合成的复合名词也归入A-B类,如father-in-law)。
1. AB类。通常把最后一个词变为复数。如:
bookshelf → bookshelves
silkworm → silkworms
pathfinder →pathfinders
2. A B类。一般把最后一个词变为复数。如:
black sheep → black sheep
green house → green houses
但由man, woman构成的复合名词例外,两个词通常都要变为复数。如:
woman doctor → women doctors
man driver → men drivers
woman servant → women servants
man singer → men singers
3. A-B类。(1)重心在A上。
用连字符连接的复合名词变为复数时,如果复合词中第一个词是名词或更重要, 一般把第一个名词变为复数。
passer-by →passers-by
looker-on → lookers-on
sister-in-law → sisters-in-law
runner-up → runners-up
(2)重心在B上。
这类词变复数,通常变后一个词。
grown-up → grown-ups
new-born → new-borns
step-mother → step-mothers
根据以上知识,请完成下列各题:
(1)are now easy to find jobs.
A. Woman driver
B. Woman drivers
C. Women driver
D. Women drivers
(2) In ten year’s time, all those youngsters will become .
A. grown-ups B. growns-up
C. growns-upsD. grown-up
(3)The Nazi kept thosein their concentration camps(集中营).
A. prisoner-of-wars
B. prisoners-of-wars
C. prisoners-of-war
D. prisoner-of-war
(keys: D, A, C)
1. AB类。通常把最后一个词变为复数。如:
bookshelf → bookshelves
silkworm → silkworms
pathfinder →pathfinders
2. A B类。一般把最后一个词变为复数。如:
black sheep → black sheep
green house → green houses
但由man, woman构成的复合名词例外,两个词通常都要变为复数。如:
woman doctor → women doctors
man driver → men drivers
woman servant → women servants
man singer → men singers
3. A-B类。(1)重心在A上。
用连字符连接的复合名词变为复数时,如果复合词中第一个词是名词或更重要, 一般把第一个名词变为复数。
passer-by →passers-by
looker-on → lookers-on
sister-in-law → sisters-in-law
runner-up → runners-up
(2)重心在B上。
这类词变复数,通常变后一个词。
grown-up → grown-ups
new-born → new-borns
step-mother → step-mothers
根据以上知识,请完成下列各题:
(1)are now easy to find jobs.
A. Woman driver
B. Woman drivers
C. Women driver
D. Women drivers
(2) In ten year’s time, all those youngsters will become .
A. grown-ups B. growns-up
C. growns-upsD. grown-up
(3)The Nazi kept thosein their concentration camps(集中营).
A. prisoner-of-wars
B. prisoners-of-wars
C. prisoners-of-war
D. prisoner-of-war
(keys: D, A, C)