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What is a pub？
The word pub is short for public house. There are over 60，000 pubs in the UK （about 53，000 in England and Wales， 5，200 in Scotland and 1，600 in Northern Ireland）. One of the oldest pubs， Fighting Cocks in St. Albans， Herts， is located in a building that dates back to the eleventh century.
什么是酒吧？
“pub”这个词是“public house”的缩写。在英国有6万多家酒吧（英格兰和威尔士有约53000家，苏格兰有约5200家，北爱尔兰有约1600家）。赫特福德郡圣奥尔本斯的“斗鸡酒吧”是（英国）最古老的酒吧之一，它位于一座历史可以追溯到11世纪的建筑中。
Pubs are popular social meeting places.
Pubs are an important part of British life. People talk， eat， drink， meet their friends and relax there.
Pubs often have two bars， and one usually quieter than the other. Many pubs have a garden where people can sit in the summer. Children can go in pub gardens with their parents.
Groups of friends normally buy “rounds” of drinks. The person whose turn it is will buy drinks for all the members of the group. It is sometimes difficult to get served when pubs are busy. People do not queue， but the bar staff will usually try and serve those who have been waiting the longest at the bar first. If you spill1 a stranger’s drink by accident， it is good manners to offer to buy another drink.
酒吧是很受欢迎的社交场所。
酒吧是英国人生活的重要组成部分。人们在那里聊天、吃饭、喝酒、结识朋友、放松身心。
酒吧通常有两个吧台，一个通常比另一个安静。很多酒吧都有花园，在夏天人们可以坐在那里。孩子们可以和父母一起去酒吧里的花园。
一群朋友通常会“轮流”买酒，轮到谁谁就会为所有的人买酒。在酒吧很繁忙的时候，有时很难有人招待。人们不排队，但酒吧的员工通常会尽量先为那些在酒吧等候的时间最长的人服务。如果你不小心把陌生人的饮料洒了，礼貌的做法是主动提出为对方再买一杯。
British Beer
Most pubs belong to a brewery （a company which makes beer） but sell many different kinds of beer， some on tap （from a big container under the bar） and some in bottles. The most popular kind of British beer is Bitter， which is dark and served at room temperature （not hot， not cold）. British beer is brewed2 from malt3 and hops4.
More popular today though is Lager， which is lighter in colour and served cold. Guinness， a very dark， creamy kind of beer called a stout5， is made in Ireland and is popular all over Britain.
In the West of England， cider6 made from apples， is very popular. Like wine， it is described as sweet or dry， but is drunk in beer glasses and can be stronger than beer.
Beers are served in “pints7” for a large glass and “halves” for a smaller one.
英國啤酒
大多数酒吧属于某家酿酒厂（生产啤酒的公司），但出售许多不同种类的啤酒，一些是通过（连着吧台下面大容器的）水龙头供应的，一些是瓶装的。最受欢迎的英国啤酒是苦啤酒，它颜色偏暗，供应的是常温的（既不热，也不冷）。英国啤酒是用麦芽和啤酒花酿造的。
不过，如今更受欢迎的是淡啤酒，它颜色较浅，供应的是冰的。而吉尼斯黑啤酒，是一种颜色很深，如奶油般柔和醇美的烈性啤酒，产于爱尔兰，在英国很受欢迎。 在英格蘭西部，用苹果制作的苹果酒很受欢迎。它和葡萄酒一样，用甜（含糖量大）或干（含糖量小）来区分，是用啤酒杯盛来喝的，但可能比啤酒更烈。
大杯啤酒按品脱（约0.6升）销售，小杯的则按半品脱（0.3升）销售。
Other Beers served
Most pubs offer a complete range of beers， local and imported8， with German， Belgian and French beers being in demand.
British people drink an average of 99.4 litres of beer every year. More than 80% of this beer is drunk in pubs and clubs.
Pubs sell soft drinks as well as alcohol9. Although most people think pubs are places where people drink alcohol， pubs in fact sell soft drinks （non-alcoholic10 drinks） too.
供应的其他啤酒
大多数酒吧提供种类齐全的啤酒，包括本地的和进口的，对德国、比利时和法国的啤酒都有需求。
英国人平均每年喝掉99.4升啤酒。超过80%的啤酒是在酒吧和俱乐部里喝掉的。
酒吧除了卖酒外还卖软饮料。虽然大多数人认为酒吧是人们喝酒的地方，但实际上酒吧也出售软饮料（非酒精饮料）。
Opening Hours
British pubs are required to have a license， which is difficult to obtain， and allows the pub to operate for up to 24 hours.
营业时间
英国的酒吧必须有执照，执照是很难获得的。有执照的酒吧营业时间长达24小时。
Pub Food and Games
Nearly all pubs sell pub lunches. One of these is the Ploughman’s Lunch which is a great piece of Cheddar cheese， some bread， some pickle11， and an onion. Other typical pub foods are scampi12 （kind of shellfish） and chips （fried potatoes）， pie and chips， and chicken and chips.
Various games， especially darts13， are common features of pubs. Many of the old country pubs continue to promote traditional games， such as “Bat and Trap” （a bat-and-ball game mostly played in Kent） which have been played for hundreds of years.
酒吧的食物和游戏
几乎所有的酒吧都卖酒吧午餐。其中一种是农夫午餐，里面有一大块切达干酪、一些面包、一些腌菜和一个洋葱。其他典型的酒吧食物有挪威海螯虾（一种甲壳类动物）和薯条（炸土豆）、派和薯条、鸡肉和薯条。
酒吧里有各种各样的游戏，特别是飞镖，这是酒吧的共同特点。许多古老的乡村酒吧继续推广传统游戏，比如“蝙蝠和陷阱”游戏（在肯特郡流行的一种击球游戏），已经有几百年历史了。
Pub Names
Pubs have traditional names which date back over 600 years.
Some typical names are The White Swan， The Crown， The King’s Arms， The Red Lion and The White Horse. People often refer to the pub by its name when giving directions， for example， “Turn left at the Rose and Crown.” There is usually a sign outside the pub showing the pub’s name.
酒吧的名字
酒吧的传统名称可以追溯到600多年前。
一些典型的名字有：白天鹅、王冠、国王的臂膀、红狮和白马。人们在指路时经常提到酒吧的名字，例如：“在玫瑰和皇冠酒吧处左转。”酒吧外面通常有一个招牌，上面写着酒吧的名字。
Licensing Laws
The legal age to purchase alcohol is 18. People aged 16 and 17， may have only 1 glass of wine， beer or cider with a table meal in specific areas of the premises14， providing they’re with an adult and the adult orders it （England and Wales only， Scotland no adult required to be present）. It is illegal15 to sell alcohol to someone who already appears drunk.
Fourteen-year-olds may enter a pub unaccompanied by an adult if they order a meal. Children may enter a pub with their parents until 9 p.m.， which lets families enjoy reasonably priced pub meals together， and allows pubs to continue in their traditional roles as community centers.
酒类专卖法
买酒的法定年龄是18岁。16岁和17岁的人只能在经营场所的特定区域内在桌上用餐时饮用一杯葡萄酒、啤酒或苹果酒，但前提是他们有成年人陪伴，且由成年人点餐（仅限于英格兰和威尔士，而在苏格兰则无需成年人在场）。
把酒卖给已经喝醉的人是违法的。
14岁的孩子如果只是点餐，可以在没有成年人陪同的情况下进入酒吧。孩子们可以和父母一起进入酒吧，直到晚上9点，这样可以让家人一起享受价格合理的酒吧餐，还可以让酒吧继续担任社区中心的传统角色。
Customs
Customs in British pubs differ from those in American bars. In most pubs in Britain， you must go to the bar to order drinks and food and pay for them immediately. There is no table service.
In some pubs， orders can be taken by waiters at the tables and not be paid for immediately. There is usually a sign in the pub which tells you that diners will be served at the table. It is customary16 to tip your waiter/waitress at the end of the meal （about 10%）. Sometimes this is included in the bill.
习俗
英國的酒吧和美国的酒吧的习俗不同。在英国的大多数酒吧里，你必须去吧台点饮料和食物，并马上付钱。英国的酒吧没有餐桌服务。
在有些酒吧里，可以在桌边叫服务员来点餐，不用立即付款。这种酒吧里通常有一块牌子，上面会告诉你用餐者有餐桌服务。通常在用餐结束时应付给服务员小费（大约10%）。有时这包含在账单里。
（英语原文选自：projectbritain.com）
【Notes】
1. spill [
The word pub is short for public house. There are over 60，000 pubs in the UK （about 53，000 in England and Wales， 5，200 in Scotland and 1，600 in Northern Ireland）. One of the oldest pubs， Fighting Cocks in St. Albans， Herts， is located in a building that dates back to the eleventh century.
什么是酒吧？
“pub”这个词是“public house”的缩写。在英国有6万多家酒吧（英格兰和威尔士有约53000家，苏格兰有约5200家，北爱尔兰有约1600家）。赫特福德郡圣奥尔本斯的“斗鸡酒吧”是（英国）最古老的酒吧之一，它位于一座历史可以追溯到11世纪的建筑中。
Pubs are popular social meeting places.
Pubs are an important part of British life. People talk， eat， drink， meet their friends and relax there.
Pubs often have two bars， and one usually quieter than the other. Many pubs have a garden where people can sit in the summer. Children can go in pub gardens with their parents.
Groups of friends normally buy “rounds” of drinks. The person whose turn it is will buy drinks for all the members of the group. It is sometimes difficult to get served when pubs are busy. People do not queue， but the bar staff will usually try and serve those who have been waiting the longest at the bar first. If you spill1 a stranger’s drink by accident， it is good manners to offer to buy another drink.
酒吧是很受欢迎的社交场所。
酒吧是英国人生活的重要组成部分。人们在那里聊天、吃饭、喝酒、结识朋友、放松身心。
酒吧通常有两个吧台，一个通常比另一个安静。很多酒吧都有花园，在夏天人们可以坐在那里。孩子们可以和父母一起去酒吧里的花园。
一群朋友通常会“轮流”买酒，轮到谁谁就会为所有的人买酒。在酒吧很繁忙的时候，有时很难有人招待。人们不排队，但酒吧的员工通常会尽量先为那些在酒吧等候的时间最长的人服务。如果你不小心把陌生人的饮料洒了，礼貌的做法是主动提出为对方再买一杯。
British Beer
Most pubs belong to a brewery （a company which makes beer） but sell many different kinds of beer， some on tap （from a big container under the bar） and some in bottles. The most popular kind of British beer is Bitter， which is dark and served at room temperature （not hot， not cold）. British beer is brewed2 from malt3 and hops4.
More popular today though is Lager， which is lighter in colour and served cold. Guinness， a very dark， creamy kind of beer called a stout5， is made in Ireland and is popular all over Britain.
In the West of England， cider6 made from apples， is very popular. Like wine， it is described as sweet or dry， but is drunk in beer glasses and can be stronger than beer.
Beers are served in “pints7” for a large glass and “halves” for a smaller one.
英國啤酒
大多数酒吧属于某家酿酒厂（生产啤酒的公司），但出售许多不同种类的啤酒，一些是通过（连着吧台下面大容器的）水龙头供应的，一些是瓶装的。最受欢迎的英国啤酒是苦啤酒，它颜色偏暗，供应的是常温的（既不热，也不冷）。英国啤酒是用麦芽和啤酒花酿造的。
不过，如今更受欢迎的是淡啤酒，它颜色较浅，供应的是冰的。而吉尼斯黑啤酒，是一种颜色很深，如奶油般柔和醇美的烈性啤酒，产于爱尔兰，在英国很受欢迎。 在英格蘭西部，用苹果制作的苹果酒很受欢迎。它和葡萄酒一样，用甜（含糖量大）或干（含糖量小）来区分，是用啤酒杯盛来喝的，但可能比啤酒更烈。
大杯啤酒按品脱（约0.6升）销售，小杯的则按半品脱（0.3升）销售。
Other Beers served
Most pubs offer a complete range of beers， local and imported8， with German， Belgian and French beers being in demand.
British people drink an average of 99.4 litres of beer every year. More than 80% of this beer is drunk in pubs and clubs.
Pubs sell soft drinks as well as alcohol9. Although most people think pubs are places where people drink alcohol， pubs in fact sell soft drinks （non-alcoholic10 drinks） too.
供应的其他啤酒
大多数酒吧提供种类齐全的啤酒，包括本地的和进口的，对德国、比利时和法国的啤酒都有需求。
英国人平均每年喝掉99.4升啤酒。超过80%的啤酒是在酒吧和俱乐部里喝掉的。
酒吧除了卖酒外还卖软饮料。虽然大多数人认为酒吧是人们喝酒的地方，但实际上酒吧也出售软饮料（非酒精饮料）。
Opening Hours
British pubs are required to have a license， which is difficult to obtain， and allows the pub to operate for up to 24 hours.
营业时间
英国的酒吧必须有执照，执照是很难获得的。有执照的酒吧营业时间长达24小时。
Pub Food and Games
Nearly all pubs sell pub lunches. One of these is the Ploughman’s Lunch which is a great piece of Cheddar cheese， some bread， some pickle11， and an onion. Other typical pub foods are scampi12 （kind of shellfish） and chips （fried potatoes）， pie and chips， and chicken and chips.
Various games， especially darts13， are common features of pubs. Many of the old country pubs continue to promote traditional games， such as “Bat and Trap” （a bat-and-ball game mostly played in Kent） which have been played for hundreds of years.
酒吧的食物和游戏
几乎所有的酒吧都卖酒吧午餐。其中一种是农夫午餐，里面有一大块切达干酪、一些面包、一些腌菜和一个洋葱。其他典型的酒吧食物有挪威海螯虾（一种甲壳类动物）和薯条（炸土豆）、派和薯条、鸡肉和薯条。
酒吧里有各种各样的游戏，特别是飞镖，这是酒吧的共同特点。许多古老的乡村酒吧继续推广传统游戏，比如“蝙蝠和陷阱”游戏（在肯特郡流行的一种击球游戏），已经有几百年历史了。
Pub Names
Pubs have traditional names which date back over 600 years.
Some typical names are The White Swan， The Crown， The King’s Arms， The Red Lion and The White Horse. People often refer to the pub by its name when giving directions， for example， “Turn left at the Rose and Crown.” There is usually a sign outside the pub showing the pub’s name.
酒吧的名字
酒吧的传统名称可以追溯到600多年前。
一些典型的名字有：白天鹅、王冠、国王的臂膀、红狮和白马。人们在指路时经常提到酒吧的名字，例如：“在玫瑰和皇冠酒吧处左转。”酒吧外面通常有一个招牌，上面写着酒吧的名字。
Licensing Laws
The legal age to purchase alcohol is 18. People aged 16 and 17， may have only 1 glass of wine， beer or cider with a table meal in specific areas of the premises14， providing they’re with an adult and the adult orders it （England and Wales only， Scotland no adult required to be present）. It is illegal15 to sell alcohol to someone who already appears drunk.
Fourteen-year-olds may enter a pub unaccompanied by an adult if they order a meal. Children may enter a pub with their parents until 9 p.m.， which lets families enjoy reasonably priced pub meals together， and allows pubs to continue in their traditional roles as community centers.
酒类专卖法
买酒的法定年龄是18岁。16岁和17岁的人只能在经营场所的特定区域内在桌上用餐时饮用一杯葡萄酒、啤酒或苹果酒，但前提是他们有成年人陪伴，且由成年人点餐（仅限于英格兰和威尔士，而在苏格兰则无需成年人在场）。
把酒卖给已经喝醉的人是违法的。
14岁的孩子如果只是点餐，可以在没有成年人陪同的情况下进入酒吧。孩子们可以和父母一起进入酒吧，直到晚上9点，这样可以让家人一起享受价格合理的酒吧餐，还可以让酒吧继续担任社区中心的传统角色。
Customs
Customs in British pubs differ from those in American bars. In most pubs in Britain， you must go to the bar to order drinks and food and pay for them immediately. There is no table service.
In some pubs， orders can be taken by waiters at the tables and not be paid for immediately. There is usually a sign in the pub which tells you that diners will be served at the table. It is customary16 to tip your waiter/waitress at the end of the meal （about 10%）. Sometimes this is included in the bill.
习俗
英國的酒吧和美国的酒吧的习俗不同。在英国的大多数酒吧里，你必须去吧台点饮料和食物，并马上付钱。英国的酒吧没有餐桌服务。
在有些酒吧里，可以在桌边叫服务员来点餐，不用立即付款。这种酒吧里通常有一块牌子，上面会告诉你用餐者有餐桌服务。通常在用餐结束时应付给服务员小费（大约10%）。有时这包含在账单里。
（英语原文选自：projectbritain.com）
【Notes】
1. spill [