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由于血管造影技术的高度发展,已参与治疗,形成了所谓“介入性放射学”一个新的分野。经导管栓塞术的方法为血管造影后,经导管导入栓塞物质。使用的器械有“胶囊导管”、“诱导双导管”等,使用自家血凝块作栓塞物,可于数日后再通,为了永久性的栓塞,可使用不锈钢圈,而明胶海绵(Gelfoam)则历经数周或数月,不能达到永久性栓塞,但使用方便,故应用较普遍。栓塞的目的为,(1)止血;(2)动脉瘤、动静脉畸形及动静脉瘘等治疗;(3)防止血管丰富的肿瘤术中出血;(4)不能手术的肿瘤之保守治疗。 1.治疗效果已确定的栓塞术头颈部,特别是颈外动脉领域,栓塞术已作为治疗的第一手段。如鼻出血的止血,动静脉畸形的治疗及纤维血管瘤,化学感受器瘤,脑膜瘤等血管丰富的肿瘤,术前处理已为不可少的手段。
Due to the high degree of development of angiographic techniques, they have participated in the treatment and formed a new division called “interventional radiology.” Transcatheter embolization is performed after angiography and transcatheter introduction of embolic material. The instruments used were “capsule catheters” and “inducing double catheters”. They used their own blood clots as emboli and could be reopened several days later. For permanent embolization, stainless steel rings were used. Gelfoam was used. After several weeks or months, permanent embolism cannot be achieved, but it is easy to use, so the application is more common. The purposes of embolization were (1) hemostasis; (2) treatment of aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, etc.; (3) prevention of hemorrhage with blood vessel-rich tumors; and (4) conservative treatment of inoperable tumors. 1. The therapeutic effect has been identified embolization head and neck, especially the external carotid artery area, embolization has been used as the first means of treatment. For example, hemostasis from epistaxis, treatment of arteriovenous malformations, and fibrohemangiomas, chemoreceptor tumors, meningiomas, and other blood vessel-rich tumors, preoperative treatment has become an indispensable means.