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易错点一:不能正确判断分词逻辑主语。
1.误:Being Sunday,the streets were especially crowded.
正:It being Sunday,the streets were especially crowded.
Because it was Sunday,the streets were especially crowded.
析:分词作状语时如果它的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致,要将其改为相应的从句或独立主格结构。
2.误:Having assassinated the president,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
正:The president assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
After the president was assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
析:句意为:总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。不应该是全国人民谋杀总统。
3.(2005全国II)While watching television,?摇?摇.
A.the doorbell rang?摇?摇?摇?摇?摇?摇?摇B.the doorbell rings
C.we heard the doorbell ring.?摇?摇D.we heard the doorbell rings.
析:分词作状语时要求分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致,watching的逻辑主语是we,可排除A,B,D不符合SVOC的句型。
易错点二:对非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系认识不清。
1.误:Seeing from space,the earth looks like a huge ball.
正:Seen from space,the earth looks like a huge ball.
析:若用现在分词,句子的主语与see为主动关系,则the earth作seeing的逻辑主语,显然不成立。故把seeing改为seen。
2.(2006四川)?摇?摇?摇 with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.
A.Faced?摇 B.Face?摇 C.Facing?摇 D.To face
析:由短语be faced with可知主语与face之间的关系为逻辑上的被动关系。
3.(2008山东)Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ?摇?摇 in the restaurant.
A.working?摇 B.work?摇 C.to work?摇 D.worked
析:A句意为:露丝的新工作付给她的钱是她在饭店工作是所赚钱的两倍。working是had made的伴随状语,和主语she构成逻辑上的主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。可排除过去分词worked。不定式to work作状语常表示目的或结果。
易错点三:否定词not的位置错误。
1.误:Having not heard from her daughter for months,the mother missed her very much.
正:Not having heard from her daughter for months,the mother missed her very much.
2.(2004广东)?摇?摇?摇 the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A.Not completing?摇?摇?摇?摇?摇?摇 B.Not completed
C.Not having completed?摇?摇?摇 D.Having not completed
析:选C。complete和主语they构成逻辑上的主动关系,所以应该用现在分词作状语。且分词的否定式应在其前加上not,否定词not不可移位。
3.(1990高考)Tom kept quiet about the accident ?摇?摇?摇 lose his job.
A.so not as to?摇 B.so as not to?摇 C.so as to not?摇 D.not so as to
析:选B。分词、不定式的否定式应在其前加上not,否定词not不可移位。
易错点四:动作发生的时间先后的不明确表达。
1.误:Written the composition,we handed it in.
正:Having written the composition,we handed it in.
析:该句中的分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,且间隔的时间较长,应用现在分词的完成被动式来代替过去分词。
2.(2009四川)?摇?摇 many times,he finally understood it.
A.Told?摇 B.Telling?摇 C.Having told?摇 D.Having been told
析:根据many times得知tell的动作先发生,用分词完成时的被动形式。故答案为D。
3.(2009湖南)When he ?摇?摇 the door,he found his keys were nowhere.
A.would open?摇 B.opened?摇 C.had opened?摇 D.was to open
析:D考查非谓语动词动词不定式的用法。句意为:当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定式表示将要发生的动作。
易错点五:不同结果的错误表达。
1.误:He hurried back only finding his new bike missing.
正:He hurried back only to find his new bike missing.
析:only 动词不定式作结果状语,表示预料之外的或不愉快的结果;表示自然而然的结果常用现在分词。
2.误:He glanced over at her,noticed that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.
正:He glanced over at her,noticing that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.
析:在瞥过之后自然产生了结果(注意到了她虽小,但能把它组合在一起)
3.(2009上海)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,?摇?摇 all four people on board.
A.killed?摇 B.killing?摇 C.kills?摇 D.to kill
析:选B。由语境可知译文:一家小飞机撞到了城市东部五英里处一座小山边,结果飞机上四人全部遇难。从译文可知属于顺其自然的结果,故此选择现在分词killing。另外,还应该注意D,to kill通常表示出乎意料的结果。
易错点六:不定式主动被动的误用。
1.误:English is easy to be learnt.
正:English is easy to learn.
析:不定式作表语形容词的状语,和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式。
2.(2005辽宁)All these gifts must be mailed immediately ?摇?摇 in time for Christmas.
A.in order to have received
B.in order to receive
C.so as to be received
D.so as to be receiving
解析:选择C。so as to及in order to皆可表目的,但依据语境不定式应用被动语态。
1.误:Being Sunday,the streets were especially crowded.
正:It being Sunday,the streets were especially crowded.
Because it was Sunday,the streets were especially crowded.
析:分词作状语时如果它的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致,要将其改为相应的从句或独立主格结构。
2.误:Having assassinated the president,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
正:The president assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
After the president was assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
析:句意为:总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。不应该是全国人民谋杀总统。
3.(2005全国II)While watching television,?摇?摇.
A.the doorbell rang?摇?摇?摇?摇?摇?摇?摇B.the doorbell rings
C.we heard the doorbell ring.?摇?摇D.we heard the doorbell rings.
析:分词作状语时要求分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致,watching的逻辑主语是we,可排除A,B,D不符合SVOC的句型。
易错点二:对非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系认识不清。
1.误:Seeing from space,the earth looks like a huge ball.
正:Seen from space,the earth looks like a huge ball.
析:若用现在分词,句子的主语与see为主动关系,则the earth作seeing的逻辑主语,显然不成立。故把seeing改为seen。
2.(2006四川)?摇?摇?摇 with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.
A.Faced?摇 B.Face?摇 C.Facing?摇 D.To face
析:由短语be faced with可知主语与face之间的关系为逻辑上的被动关系。
3.(2008山东)Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ?摇?摇 in the restaurant.
A.working?摇 B.work?摇 C.to work?摇 D.worked
析:A句意为:露丝的新工作付给她的钱是她在饭店工作是所赚钱的两倍。working是had made的伴随状语,和主语she构成逻辑上的主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。可排除过去分词worked。不定式to work作状语常表示目的或结果。
易错点三:否定词not的位置错误。
1.误:Having not heard from her daughter for months,the mother missed her very much.
正:Not having heard from her daughter for months,the mother missed her very much.
2.(2004广东)?摇?摇?摇 the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A.Not completing?摇?摇?摇?摇?摇?摇 B.Not completed
C.Not having completed?摇?摇?摇 D.Having not completed
析:选C。complete和主语they构成逻辑上的主动关系,所以应该用现在分词作状语。且分词的否定式应在其前加上not,否定词not不可移位。
3.(1990高考)Tom kept quiet about the accident ?摇?摇?摇 lose his job.
A.so not as to?摇 B.so as not to?摇 C.so as to not?摇 D.not so as to
析:选B。分词、不定式的否定式应在其前加上not,否定词not不可移位。
易错点四:动作发生的时间先后的不明确表达。
1.误:Written the composition,we handed it in.
正:Having written the composition,we handed it in.
析:该句中的分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,且间隔的时间较长,应用现在分词的完成被动式来代替过去分词。
2.(2009四川)?摇?摇 many times,he finally understood it.
A.Told?摇 B.Telling?摇 C.Having told?摇 D.Having been told
析:根据many times得知tell的动作先发生,用分词完成时的被动形式。故答案为D。
3.(2009湖南)When he ?摇?摇 the door,he found his keys were nowhere.
A.would open?摇 B.opened?摇 C.had opened?摇 D.was to open
析:D考查非谓语动词动词不定式的用法。句意为:当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定式表示将要发生的动作。
易错点五:不同结果的错误表达。
1.误:He hurried back only finding his new bike missing.
正:He hurried back only to find his new bike missing.
析:only 动词不定式作结果状语,表示预料之外的或不愉快的结果;表示自然而然的结果常用现在分词。
2.误:He glanced over at her,noticed that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.
正:He glanced over at her,noticing that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.
析:在瞥过之后自然产生了结果(注意到了她虽小,但能把它组合在一起)
3.(2009上海)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,?摇?摇 all four people on board.
A.killed?摇 B.killing?摇 C.kills?摇 D.to kill
析:选B。由语境可知译文:一家小飞机撞到了城市东部五英里处一座小山边,结果飞机上四人全部遇难。从译文可知属于顺其自然的结果,故此选择现在分词killing。另外,还应该注意D,to kill通常表示出乎意料的结果。
易错点六:不定式主动被动的误用。
1.误:English is easy to be learnt.
正:English is easy to learn.
析:不定式作表语形容词的状语,和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式。
2.(2005辽宁)All these gifts must be mailed immediately ?摇?摇 in time for Christmas.
A.in order to have received
B.in order to receive
C.so as to be received
D.so as to be receiving
解析:选择C。so as to及in order to皆可表目的,但依据语境不定式应用被动语态。