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目的:分析337例确诊的儿童甲型H1N1流感病例,了解其流行病学特点、临床特征及治疗方法。方法:对我院发热门诊确诊的337例患儿的流行病学特点、临床特征及治疗转归统计数据,进行分析。结果:337例患儿中,学龄儿童较为集中,占所有患儿的78%,其发病高峰时间为lO月份。初诊时患儿均以发热就诊,伴发症状依次为咽痛(73%)、咳嗽(52%)、流涕(49%)、头痛(45%)、乏力(28%)、肌肉酸痛(22%)、咯痰(15%)、胸痛(11%)、呕吐(2.6%)、腹泻(2.2%)等症状。337例患儿咽拭子均为阳性结果。血常规显示,74例患儿白细胞计数升高,138例患儿中性粒细胞升高,95例c反应蛋白(CRP)升高。39例胸片提示肺部感染,7例心肌酶增高。337例患儿中仅2例口服奥司他韦,有206例给予抗生素,其中117例给予阿奇霉素,89例给予头孢类抗生素,同时均结合中成药治疗。除了咳嗽、咯痰症状,其他症状在l周左右消失。结论:儿童是甲型H1N1流感的重点防护人群,特别是学龄儿童的防护是重中之重。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics and treatment of Influenza A (H1N1) in 337 confirmed children. Methods: The epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics and prognosis of 337 children diagnosed in our hospital were analyzed. Results: 337 cases of children, school-age children are more concentrated, accounting for 78% of all children, the peak incidence of lO months. Children with fever were treated at the first visit, with symptoms of sore throat (73%), cough (52%), runny nose (49%), headache (45%), weakness (28%), muscle soreness (15%), chest pain (11%), vomiting (2.6%), diarrhea (2.2%) and other symptoms. Thirty-seven throat swabs were positive. Blood tests showed an increase in white blood cell counts in 74 children, an increase in neutrophils in 138 children, and an increase in 95 cases of CRP. Thirty-nine cases of chest radiographs showed pulmonary infection and seven cases of myocardial enzymes were elevated. Of the 337 children, only 2 received oseltamivir, and 206 received antibiotics, 117 of whom received azithromycin and 89 received cephalosporin antibiotics, all at the same time being treated with proprietary Chinese medicines. In addition to coughing, expectoration symptoms, other symptoms disappear in about l weeks. Conclusion: Children are the key protective group of Influenza A (H1N1). Especially the protection of school-aged children is the most important.