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70年代美国的新生儿感染中,B族链球菌(下称GBS)已成为最常见的病原菌,对早发型病例即使迅速开始抗菌素治疗,病死率仍高到50%以上。近年来,十分重视GBS感染的预防性化疗。给妊娠末期GBS携带者口服氨苄青霉素,未能降低分娩时的母婴带菌率。产前6小时内对阴道或直肠带菌的产妇静注氨苄青霉素,虽能减少新生儿出生后48小时内的带菌率,但例数太少不足以阐明对GBS感染的影响。有人报告纽约某医疗中心,22年间未发生1例早发型GBS感染,而邻近医院同期内的发病率为1/1000例活婴,
Group B streptococci (hereinafter GBS) have become the most common pathogenic bacteria in neonatal infections in the United States in the 1970s, and the mortality rate is still above 50% for early-onset cases even with rapid antibiotic treatment. In recent years, attaches great importance to the prevention of GBS infection chemotherapy. Oral administration of ampicillin to GBS carriers during the end of pregnancy failed to reduce the rate of mother-to-child delivery at delivery. Intravenous ampicillin administered vaginally or rectally to the vaginal or rectally delivered mothers within 6 hours of prenatal administration may reduce the incidence of newborns within 48 hours of birth but too little is not sufficient to clarify the effect on GBS infection. Some reported a New York medical center, 22 cases did not occur in one case of early-onset GBS infection, while the incidence of adjacent hospitals in the same period was 1/1000 live births,