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在稻-麦两熟制条件下,以扬麦20为材料,通过基本苗和氮素运筹(氮肥施用量、施用时期和比例)调控建立不同产量水平群体,研究稻茬小麦籽粒产量高于9000 kg/hm2群体的氮素积累、分配与利用特性。结果表明,稻茬小麦籽粒产量9000 kg/hm2以上群体拔节期至开花期、开花期及成熟期氮素积累量分别在N 104～117 kg/hm2、197～205 kg/hm2、234～251 kg/hm2,极显著高于籽粒产量9000 kg/hm2以下群体。稻茬小麦不同群体开花期叶片、茎鞘、穗及成熟期籽粒氮素积累量与籽粒产量均呈极显著线性正相关,氮素积累量分别为N 89～91 kg/hm2、74～83 kg/hm2、32～33 kg/hm2、177～188 kg/hm2,有利于实现籽粒产量9000 kg/hm2。花后群体营养器官氮素转运量与籽粒产量均呈极显著线性正相关,叶片、茎鞘及穗轴+颖壳的氮素转运量分别为N 65～73 kg/hm2、53～54kg/hm2、16～20 kg/hm2,有利于实现籽粒产量9000 kg/hm2。稻茬小麦籽粒产量9000 kg/hm2以上群体100 kg籽粒吸氮量为N 2.9～3.0 kg,氮素利用效率32.9～34.5 kg/kg,氮收获指数0.73～0.77。
Under the conditions of rice-wheat two crops, Yangmai 20 was used as material to establish different yield level population through basic seedling and nitrogen fertilizer application (nitrogen application rate, application period and proportion), the grain yield of wheat was higher than 9000 kg / hm2 population nitrogen accumulation, distribution and utilization characteristics. The results showed that the nitrogen accumulation at the flowering and maturity stages was higher in wheat with grain yield 9000 kg / hm2 or more at the jointing to flowering stage, and the N accumulation was N 104 ~ 117 kg / hm2, 197 ~ 205 kg / hm2, 234 ~ 251 kg / hm2, extremely significantly higher than the population below the grain yield 9000 kg / hm2. There was a significant linear positive correlation between N accumulation and grain yield in leaves, stems and sheaths, spikelets and mature grains at different flowering stages of rice stubble. The N accumulation was N 89 ~ 91 kg / hm 2, 74 ~ 83 kg / hm2, 32 ~ 33 kg / hm2, 177 ~ 188 kg / hm2, which is beneficial to the grain yield of 9000 kg / hm2. There was a significant linear positive correlation between nitrogen translocation in vegetative organs and grain yield of post-flowering populations. Nitrogen translocation rates were N 65-73 kg / hm 2 and 53-54 kg / hm 2 for leaves, stems and cob tips, respectively , 16 ~ 20 kg / hm2, which is beneficial to the grain yield 9000 kg / hm2. Nitrogen uptake of 100 kg of grain was more than 2.9 kg / kg kg-1 in grain-yield wheat varieties with grain yield above 9,000 kg / hm2, nitrogen use efficiency was 32.9-34.5 kg / kg and nitrogen harvest index was 0.73-0.77.