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会话分析是20世纪60年代诞生于美国的一种社会学研究方法。作为一种研究方法,会话分析具有鲜明的区别性特征。它强调使用自然发生的真实交际作为语料,注重对会话细节的转写,以揭示言谈应对的内在秩序为研究目标。会话的序列组织是会话分析的核心原则。会话分析关注人们的社会行为,采用自下而上的归纳法,从而发现人类言语交际的规律和模式,并解释这些规律和模式背后的社会秩序和社会规律。明了会话分析的语料观、交际秩序观、序列组织观、社会行为观等,有助于增进国内同行对真正会话分析研究方法的认识,避免误解和误用,从而推动以汉语语料为研究对象的会话分析研究。
Conversation analysis is a sociological research method born in the United States in the 1960s. As a research method, conversational analysis has distinct distinctive features. It emphasizes the use of the real communication that occurs naturally as corpus, focusing on the transcription of the details of the conversation, and revealing the internal order of the response to talk as the research goal. The sequential organization of conversation is the core principle of conversation analysis. Conversational analysis focuses on people’s social behavior and uses bottom-up induction to discover the rules and patterns of human verbal communication and to explain the social order and social laws behind these rules and patterns. Understanding Conversation Convergence, Communicative Order, Sequence Organizational Conception, and Social Behavior Conception will help to increase the understanding of domestic counterparts on the real conversational analysis and research methods and avoid misunderstanding and misuse, thus promoting the use of Chinese corpus as research object Session Analysis Research.