德育不仅存在于学校的正式教育中,还体现在学生的自我教育中。苏霍姆林斯基认为,课外阅读是学生进行品德自我教育的重要途径之一。从小学目前的课外阅读情况看,小学生阅读的课外书的质量良莠不齐,其中有一大部分是不利于他们品德的正确形成的。学生课外读物中呈现的社会意识和价值观念作为一种德育环境影响学校德育。因此我们提出构建合理优化的课外读物结构的三个途径,即学校有效组织,家长积极引导,社会共同监督,为学校德育提供一个积极的、纯净的环境。 Moral education exists not only in formal education in schools, but also in students’ self-education. Suhomlinski believes that extracurricular reading is one of the important ways for students to conduct moral self-education. From the current primary school extracurricular reading situation, primary school students read extracurricular book quality varies greatly, most of which is not conducive to the correct formation of their character. The social awareness and values ​​presented in the extracurricular reading of students serve as a moral environment for moral education in schools. Therefore, we propose three ways to construct a reasonable and optimized structure of extracurricular reading, that is, effective organization of the school, active guidance of parents and common supervision of the society, so as to provide a positive and pure environment for school moral education.