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人们一般认为,“无讼”是古代中国法律文化的一个基本特征。学界以往研究也指出:在传统社会,儒家伦理道德可以产生“息讼”的效果,小农经济、乡土社会是“健讼”的天然阻碍,宗族血缘、保甲组织可以很好地消弭诉讼,高昂的诉讼成本、“讼累”也可以阻止诉讼的发生,故而,“无讼”在传统中国得以实现。然而近年来的一些研究却显示,在古代中国,“健讼”、“好讼”往往以普遍且严重的态势存在,而“无讼”在很大程度上仅仅是中国古代官方一厢情愿的追求,并非历史的真实状态。
It is generally believed that “no lawsuit ” is a basic feature of the ancient Chinese legal culture. Previous studies in the academic circles also pointed out: In the traditional society, Confucian ethics can produce the effect of “interest litigation”. Small-scale peasants’ economy and local society are the natural impediments to the “lawsuit suit.” Patriarchal clan societies can well eliminate this Litigation, high cost of litigation, “litigation” can also prevent litigation, therefore, “no litigation ” in the traditional China to achieve. However, some studies in recent years have shown that in ancient China, “lawsuit suit” and “good lawsuit” tended to prevail in a general and serious manner, and “no lawsuit” was to a very large extent only China The pursuit of ancient official wishful thinking is not the true state of history.