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2013年高考英语江苏卷的完形填空题是一篇文化类的夹叙夹议的散文,这篇300多个词的文章讲述了作者对美国梦认识的过程,文章整体难度不大,但比较有特色。
一、选材特点
1.从体裁上看,这是一篇记叙文。本文主题围绕作者对于美国梦的认识变化而展开。首先讲述了作者曾经认为美国梦就是追求个人的成功;后来,在遭遇一系列不幸后,作者在乡村生活四年的经历和感受使得作者对美国梦有了新的认识和深刻感悟,也就是如何实现大家共同的成功。内容完整,结构严谨,层次分明,逻辑性强。
2.从题材方面看,此文选材新颖,将知识和文化融为一体。命题立意新,把语言与文化紧密地联系在一起,这样的材料具有现实生活的真实性,能让学生看得懂,更能考查考生的语言综合应用能力。
二、设题特点
文章主要以考查实词为主。从题目设置上看,突出了对名词和动词的考查以及词意的辨析。其中考查名词的选项有5个,考查动词和副词的选项分别有4个,考查形容词的选项有3个,考查词组的选项有2个,考查介词和连词的选项分别有1个。这一命题特点突出了命题人对文章细节、词语辨析能力以及对考生逻辑思维能力的考查有所侧重。
下面请看2013年高考英语江苏卷完形填空(保留原题号):
I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success. I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us 36 chasing the same thing.
One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell 37. I found myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $56. I 38 the countryside for some place I could rent for the 39 possible amount. I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road 40 the Potomac River in West Virginia. It was 41, full of broken glass and rubbish. I found the owner, rented it, and 42 a corner to camp in.
The locals knew nothing about me, 43 slowly, they started teaching me the 44 of being a neighbor. They dropped off blankets, candles, and tools, and began 45 around to chat. They started to teach me a belief in a 46 American Dream—not the one of individual achievement but of 47.
What I had believed in, all those things I thought were 48 for a civilized life, were nonexistent in this place. 49 on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my 50 with my neighbors.
Four years later, I moved back into 51. I saw many people were having a really hard time, 52 their jobs and homes. I managed to rent a big enough house to 53 a handful of people. There are four of us now in the house, but over time Ive had nine people come in and move on to other places. Wed all be in 54 if we hadnt banded together.
The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one. Its not so much about what I can get for myself; its about 55 we can all get by together.
36.
A. separatelyB. equally
C. violentlyD. naturally
37. A. offB. apart
C. overD. out
38. A. crossedB. left
C. touredD. searched
39. A. fullestB. largest
C. fairestD. cheapest
40. A. atB. through
C. overD. round
41. A. occupiedB. abandoned
C. emptiedD. robbed 42. A. turnedB. approached
C. clearedD. cut
43. A. butB. although
C. otherwiseD. for
44. A. benefitB. lesson
C. natureD. art
45. A. stickingB. looking
C. swingingD. turning
46. A. wildB. real
C. differentD. remote
47. A. neighborlinessB. happiness
C. friendlinessD. kindness
48. A. uniqueB. expensive
C. rareD. necessary
49. A. UpB. Down
C. DeepD. Along
50. A. cooperationB. relationships
C. satisfactionD. appointment
51. A. realityB. society
C. townD. life
52. A. creatingB. losing
C. quittingD. offering
53. A. put inB. turn in
C. take inD. get in
54. A. yardsB. shelters
C. campsD. cottages
55. A. whenB. what
C. whetherD. how
Keys:36—40 ABDDC41—45 BCADA
46—50 CADAB51—55 CBCBD
那么考生如何才能做好完形填空题呢? 下面以2013年高考英语江苏卷完形填空题为例,探讨解此类题型常用的四个步骤。
一、通读全文,抓准主旨
近几年高考的完形填空更侧重于考查考生对文章整体内容的理解,大多数选项需要在理解全文大意的基础上方可确定。因此,通读全文,了解大意,掌握文章的主旨是必不可少的第一步。通读全文时需注意“三抓”。
1.抓首句。首句往往起着开篇启示作用,可作为我们探视文章全貌的“窗口”,判断文章的体裁,推断全文的大意乃至主题。例如从“I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success.” 可知这是一篇叙事文章,可能是讲述作者对于美国梦的认识变化而展开的一件事情。
2.抓中心。善抓中心句、中心段,更能有效地快速理解全文。如文章的首句也是中心句,而该句中used to显得特别重要,告诉了我们作者过去对美国梦的认识,现在如何? 结果如何?这正是文章所要叙述的。
3.抓线索。快速阅读过程中要一口气读到底,遇到不懂或设空的地方先跳过去,继续读下去,以求纵观上下文,理清文章内容的线索,切忌停顿、见空就选,或咬文嚼字、片面理解。在完形填空中,有些选项从单词本身来讲很难确定答案,因为它们无论在习惯表达上还是在语法结构上都符合句子的要求且表达一个完整的意思(如46、48、51),但根据上下文却只有一个是最佳选项。这就要求考生整体把握文章的意义,通过联系上下文,按照文章发展的线索,找出一个最符合语境的选项而不是一个正确的选项。总之,做好完形填空的关键在于把握上下文的联系,通过快速阅读短文可知本文的线索。因此,在选择答案时应紧紧沿着这条线索,全面考虑各个环节的细节问题。
二、细读全文,透析文意
有的考生在做完形填空题时,一看到一些自己比较熟悉的语法结构,如句子、短语等,便不假思索地去选,对特定的语境不去作深入的理解,导致”思维定势”错误。
事实上,从完形填空的出题特点看,其干扰项的设置“均与语法结构错误无关,重在文意的干扰”(国家考试中心高考英语试题评价组,2013年高考英语试卷评价报告),这是命题者近几年始终坚持的方向。完形填空每个空格的四个选项并不是一种单纯的词汇辨析,因为从语法的角度看每个选项都是正确的。因此是否能恰如其分地传达文意才是选择正确答案或最佳答案的唯一标准,要吃透文意,理解到位,考生应做到以下几点:
1.注意上下文的内在联系
断章取义、就题论题,忽视上下文的信息提示是考生常犯的错误。考生在做完形填空的过程中,应学会边读边在大脑中储存上下文的信息。
信息提示有时出现在上文,此时判断答案要相对容易。如:
One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell 37. I found myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $56.
37. A. offB. apart
C. overD. out
有了前面的 “a series of unhappy events”,不难看出后面的意思:一系列的不幸使得作者的梦想破碎。fall off减少;fall apart崩溃,破碎;跌落;变坏;fall over被……绊倒;意外地从……上跌落;fall out争吵;结果;解散。我们不难判断正确答案为B。
一、选材特点
1.从体裁上看,这是一篇记叙文。本文主题围绕作者对于美国梦的认识变化而展开。首先讲述了作者曾经认为美国梦就是追求个人的成功;后来,在遭遇一系列不幸后,作者在乡村生活四年的经历和感受使得作者对美国梦有了新的认识和深刻感悟,也就是如何实现大家共同的成功。内容完整,结构严谨,层次分明,逻辑性强。
2.从题材方面看,此文选材新颖,将知识和文化融为一体。命题立意新,把语言与文化紧密地联系在一起,这样的材料具有现实生活的真实性,能让学生看得懂,更能考查考生的语言综合应用能力。
二、设题特点
文章主要以考查实词为主。从题目设置上看,突出了对名词和动词的考查以及词意的辨析。其中考查名词的选项有5个,考查动词和副词的选项分别有4个,考查形容词的选项有3个,考查词组的选项有2个,考查介词和连词的选项分别有1个。这一命题特点突出了命题人对文章细节、词语辨析能力以及对考生逻辑思维能力的考查有所侧重。
下面请看2013年高考英语江苏卷完形填空(保留原题号):
I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success. I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us 36 chasing the same thing.
One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell 37. I found myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $56. I 38 the countryside for some place I could rent for the 39 possible amount. I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road 40 the Potomac River in West Virginia. It was 41, full of broken glass and rubbish. I found the owner, rented it, and 42 a corner to camp in.
The locals knew nothing about me, 43 slowly, they started teaching me the 44 of being a neighbor. They dropped off blankets, candles, and tools, and began 45 around to chat. They started to teach me a belief in a 46 American Dream—not the one of individual achievement but of 47.
What I had believed in, all those things I thought were 48 for a civilized life, were nonexistent in this place. 49 on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my 50 with my neighbors.
Four years later, I moved back into 51. I saw many people were having a really hard time, 52 their jobs and homes. I managed to rent a big enough house to 53 a handful of people. There are four of us now in the house, but over time Ive had nine people come in and move on to other places. Wed all be in 54 if we hadnt banded together.
The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one. Its not so much about what I can get for myself; its about 55 we can all get by together.
36.
A. separatelyB. equally
C. violentlyD. naturally
37. A. offB. apart
C. overD. out
38. A. crossedB. left
C. touredD. searched
39. A. fullestB. largest
C. fairestD. cheapest
40. A. atB. through
C. overD. round
41. A. occupiedB. abandoned
C. emptiedD. robbed 42. A. turnedB. approached
C. clearedD. cut
43. A. butB. although
C. otherwiseD. for
44. A. benefitB. lesson
C. natureD. art
45. A. stickingB. looking
C. swingingD. turning
46. A. wildB. real
C. differentD. remote
47. A. neighborlinessB. happiness
C. friendlinessD. kindness
48. A. uniqueB. expensive
C. rareD. necessary
49. A. UpB. Down
C. DeepD. Along
50. A. cooperationB. relationships
C. satisfactionD. appointment
51. A. realityB. society
C. townD. life
52. A. creatingB. losing
C. quittingD. offering
53. A. put inB. turn in
C. take inD. get in
54. A. yardsB. shelters
C. campsD. cottages
55. A. whenB. what
C. whetherD. how
Keys:36—40 ABDDC41—45 BCADA
46—50 CADAB51—55 CBCBD
那么考生如何才能做好完形填空题呢? 下面以2013年高考英语江苏卷完形填空题为例,探讨解此类题型常用的四个步骤。
一、通读全文,抓准主旨
近几年高考的完形填空更侧重于考查考生对文章整体内容的理解,大多数选项需要在理解全文大意的基础上方可确定。因此,通读全文,了解大意,掌握文章的主旨是必不可少的第一步。通读全文时需注意“三抓”。
1.抓首句。首句往往起着开篇启示作用,可作为我们探视文章全貌的“窗口”,判断文章的体裁,推断全文的大意乃至主题。例如从“I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success.” 可知这是一篇叙事文章,可能是讲述作者对于美国梦的认识变化而展开的一件事情。
2.抓中心。善抓中心句、中心段,更能有效地快速理解全文。如文章的首句也是中心句,而该句中used to显得特别重要,告诉了我们作者过去对美国梦的认识,现在如何? 结果如何?这正是文章所要叙述的。
3.抓线索。快速阅读过程中要一口气读到底,遇到不懂或设空的地方先跳过去,继续读下去,以求纵观上下文,理清文章内容的线索,切忌停顿、见空就选,或咬文嚼字、片面理解。在完形填空中,有些选项从单词本身来讲很难确定答案,因为它们无论在习惯表达上还是在语法结构上都符合句子的要求且表达一个完整的意思(如46、48、51),但根据上下文却只有一个是最佳选项。这就要求考生整体把握文章的意义,通过联系上下文,按照文章发展的线索,找出一个最符合语境的选项而不是一个正确的选项。总之,做好完形填空的关键在于把握上下文的联系,通过快速阅读短文可知本文的线索。因此,在选择答案时应紧紧沿着这条线索,全面考虑各个环节的细节问题。
二、细读全文,透析文意
有的考生在做完形填空题时,一看到一些自己比较熟悉的语法结构,如句子、短语等,便不假思索地去选,对特定的语境不去作深入的理解,导致”思维定势”错误。
事实上,从完形填空的出题特点看,其干扰项的设置“均与语法结构错误无关,重在文意的干扰”(国家考试中心高考英语试题评价组,2013年高考英语试卷评价报告),这是命题者近几年始终坚持的方向。完形填空每个空格的四个选项并不是一种单纯的词汇辨析,因为从语法的角度看每个选项都是正确的。因此是否能恰如其分地传达文意才是选择正确答案或最佳答案的唯一标准,要吃透文意,理解到位,考生应做到以下几点:
1.注意上下文的内在联系
断章取义、就题论题,忽视上下文的信息提示是考生常犯的错误。考生在做完形填空的过程中,应学会边读边在大脑中储存上下文的信息。
信息提示有时出现在上文,此时判断答案要相对容易。如:
One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell 37. I found myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $56.
37. A. offB. apart
C. overD. out
有了前面的 “a series of unhappy events”,不难看出后面的意思:一系列的不幸使得作者的梦想破碎。fall off减少;fall apart崩溃,破碎;跌落;变坏;fall over被……绊倒;意外地从……上跌落;fall out争吵;结果;解散。我们不难判断正确答案为B。