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目的:为鱼腥草资源合理开发利用及规范化种植等提供一定科学依据。方法:将17个采自峨眉山不同山峪和海拔的野生鱼腥草居群地下部分移栽至同等立地条件下栽培一年,用共水蒸馏法提取其各自地上部分挥发油,并用GC-MS法对挥发油化学成分进行分离和鉴定,峰面积归一化法测定各成分含量。结果:所有材料共鉴定出31种化学成分,其中共有成分为19种。t检验结果表明鱼腥草栽培一年后,其α-蒎烯和D-柠檬烯含量极显著高于其相应野生居群两种成分的含量,崁烯和甲基正壬酮的含量显著高于野生居群中的含量,trans-β-罗勒烯含量则极显著低于野生居群中含量。试验结果还表明,9类检测到的化学组分中共有7类在栽培和野生条件下均可检测到。除非萜类醇和非萜类醛外,其余5类组分在野生居群中(占总挥发油含量的84.05%)的变异系数均大于在栽培类群(占总挥发油含量的90.12%)中的变异系数。结论:野生和栽培鱼腥草挥发油化学成分间存在一定差异。野生鱼腥草居群移栽至同等立地条件下后其挥发油成分多态性明显降低。
Objective: To provide a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of Houttuynia cordata resources and standardization planting. Methods: Seventeen underground populations of wild Houttuynia cordata Thunb. From different mountain valleys and elevations in Emei Mountain were transplanted to the same site for one year. Their respective volatile components were extracted by co-water distillation and analyzed by GC-MS The volatile oil chemical components were isolated and identified peak area normalization method for the determination of the content of each component. Results: A total of 31 chemical constituents were identified in all materials, of which 19 were common constituents. t test showed that the content of α-pinene and D-limonene of Houttuynia cordata was significantly higher than that of the corresponding wild populations one year after planting, and the contents of camphene and methyl-n-nonylone were significantly higher The contents of trans-β-ocimene in wild populations were significantly lower than those in wild populations. The test results also show that seven of the nine classes of chemicals detected were detectable under both cultivated and wild conditions. Except terpene and non-terpenoid aldehydes, the coefficients of variation of the other five components in the wild population (84.05% of the total volatile oil content) were greater than those in the cultivated population (90.12% of the total volatile oil content) . Conclusion: There are some differences between the chemical compositions of volatile oil in wild and cultivated Houttuynia cordata. Wild Houttuynia populations transplanted to the same site conditions, the volatile oil components of the polymorphisms significantly reduced.