一、国外地铁发展概况 第二次世界大战以来,随着世界经济的发展,带动了汽车工业突飞猛进,从而驱动世界发达国家的城市交通相继进入了汽车交通时代。 最初,人们对汽车交通不断发展的需求采取了“顺应态度”,为此扩建了道路网,建造了一些大型停车场,修建了城市高速道路和立交桥等。总的趋势是沿着建立一个“适应汽车行驶的城市”的方向发展。但到后来,随着城市的不断发展,人口城市化速度的加快和汽车数量的剧增,给城市交通,特别是给大城市交通带来了诸如交通堵塞、交通事故增多,运输效率下降、空气污染、噪音公害等一系列难以解决的问题。这时候人们便逐渐认识到汽车交通的继续发展,不仅不能给城市带来繁荣,且会导致城市的瘫 First, the foreign metro development overview Since the Second World War, with the development of the world economy, led the automotive industry by leaps and bounds, thus driving the developed countries in the world of urban transport have entered the automobile transport era. Initially, people adopted a “compliant attitude” to the evolving needs of automobile transportation, expanding the road network, building large parking lots and constructing urban expressways and overpasses. The general trend is to develop in the direction of establishing a “city adapted to the car”. However, with the continuous development of the city, the accelerated population urbanization and the dramatic increase in the number of cars have brought many problems such as traffic congestion, increased traffic accidents, decreased transportation efficiency, and air pollution to urban traffic, especially to large cities Pollution, noise pollution and a series of difficult problems to be solved. At this time, people gradually came to realize that the continuous development of automobile transportation can not only bring prosperity to the city, but also lead to paralysis of the city