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以平朔安太堡露天矿南排土场为研究对象,通过1993~2002年定位观测调查,确定了黄土区大型露天矿排土场水土流失的8个致灾因子:暴雨强度、地表物质组成、地形坡度、植被覆盖度、植被类型、工程水土保持措施、容重和非均匀沉降。与自然地貌相比,非均匀沉降和容重是影响排土场水土流失的特殊致灾因子。致灾因子的确定对认识排土场水土流失危害特征和机理,建立排土场水土流失评价指标体系,制定科学有效的治理措施提供了依据,对我国相似地域大型工程新造地的水土流失规律研究也有一定的借鉴作用。
Taking the south dump site of Antaibao open-pit mine in Pingshuo as the research object, eight hazard factors of soil and water loss in the dump of large-scale opencast mines in loess area were determined through the positioning observation survey from 1993 to 2002: the intensity of rainstorm, the composition of surface material , Topography gradient, vegetation coverage, vegetation types, soil and water conservation measures, bulk density and non-uniform settlement. Compared with the natural landscape, non-uniform settlement and bulk density are the special hazard factors that affect the soil and water loss in the dump. Determining the hazard factors is of great help in understanding the characteristics and mechanism of soil and water loss in the dump site, setting up an index system of evaluating soil and water loss in the dump site and formulating scientific and effective control measures, and studying the laws of soil and water loss in the large-scale project of similar area in China There is also a certain reference.