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目的:考察事件可控性高低对乐观偏差的影响,并进一步比较不同年龄阶段青少年的乐观偏差状况。方法:以113名初中生、94名高中生和126名大学生为研究对象,阅读一段关于胆固醇会对个体健康产生不良影响的文字材料。通过不同的文字描述来操纵事件可控性的高低,以考察事件高低可控性对乐观偏差的影响,同时对不同年龄阶段被试的乐观偏差进行比较。结果:不同年龄阶段的被试总体上表现出乐观偏差(t=15.34,p<0.01),且高可控组被试的乐观偏差程度更大(F(1,327)=20.93,p<0.01)。不同年龄阶段青少年的乐观偏差程度从高到低依次为高中生、初中生和大学生。
Objective: To investigate the impact of event controllability on optimism bias and to further compare the optimistic bias of adolescents in different age groups. Methods: A total of 113 junior high school students, 94 high school students and 126 college students were enrolled in the study. They read a passage about the adverse effects of cholesterol on individual health. Through different text descriptions to manipulate the controllability of events to investigate the influence of event controllability on optimism bias, at the same time, the optimistic bias of participants in different age groups was compared. Results: The participants in different age groups showed optimistic bias (t = 15.34, p <0.01), and the optimistic bias of the controlled group was higher (F (1,327) = 20.93, p <0.01). Optimistic deviation of adolescents in different age groups from high to low were high school students, junior high school students and college students.