论文部分内容阅读
在过去50年里,电脑的运算速度平均每两年就提高一倍,与此同时,电脑的体积差不多也以相同的速度缩小。在30年前,电子组件的大小约为数毫米,但是在目前的集成电路中,一个电子组件的宽度却不到头发直径的1％。虽然人类不断制造出更小与更快的电脑,然而,追求更小并非没有极限。最显而易见的障碍就是原子的大小,没有任何组件能够比这个自然界的基本单位还要小。此外,在微小化的过程中还会遇到许多困难,为了克服传统电脑所面临的种种障碍,有些科学家提出完全不同的新构想,“量子电脑”就是其中之
In the past 50 years, the computing speed of computers has doubled every two years. At the same time, the size of computers has also been reduced at about the same speed. Thirty years ago, electronic components were about a few millimeters in size, but in current integrated circuits, the width of an electronic component is less than 1% of the diameter of the hair. Although humans continue to make smaller and faster computers, the pursuit of smaller is not without limits. The most obvious obstacle is the size of the atom. No component can be smaller than the basic unit of the natural world. In addition, there are many difficulties encountered in the process of miniaturization. In order to overcome the obstacles faced by traditional computers, some scientists propose completely different new ideas. “Quantum Computers” is one of them.