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知识和技能可以在未来取得巨大收益,它们是人自身的一部分,因此被称为“人力资本”。在资本主义生产关系中,人力资本投资的目的是资本增殖而不是人的发展。因此,人力资本作为资本增殖的一种方式,只会不断加深劳动对资本的从属性。不过,劳动对资本的从属也并不意味劳动者面对资本时是彻底无力的。人力资本是通过人本身发挥作用的,这就决定了劳动者不可能完全受资本的控制。人力资本能塑造出适合更高社会形态的劳动者:一方面劳动者能够超越资本控制实现自我管理;另一方面人力资本的增殖性驱使人不断培养和发展自身的创造力。
Knowledge and skills can make a huge difference in the future. They are part of a human being and are therefore called “human capital.” In the capitalist relations of production, the purpose of human capital investment is capital proliferation rather than human development. Therefore, human capital, as a way of capital proliferation, will only continue to deepen the subordination of labor to capital. However, the subordination of labor to capital does not mean that workers are utterly helpless in the face of capital. Human capital is to play a role through the people themselves, which determines that workers can not be completely controlled by the capital. Human capital can shape labors suitable for higher social forms: on the one hand, laborers can surpass capital control to realize self-management; on the other hand, the proliferation of human capital drives people to continually cultivate and develop their own creativity.