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生物柴油生产过程中的催化剂是一个关键问题。目前,在生物柴油的规模化生产中碱催化和酸催化应用最为广泛。与碱催化相比,酸催化由于反应速度慢、所需反应条件苛刻而使其应用受到了限制,然而酸催化制备生物柴油的优点也是显而易见的。简述了在酸催化作用下将高酸值原料油转化为生物柴油的原理、酸催化工艺,主要介绍了国外从机理方面对酸催化剂的研究,涉及酯交换和酯化两个方面。最后对酸催化反应的影响因素以及仍存在的问题也稍加叙述。
The catalyst in biodiesel production is a key issue. At present, the base catalysis and acid catalysis are widely used in the large-scale production of biodiesel. Compared with base catalysis, acid catalysis limits its application due to the slow reaction rate and the harsh reaction conditions required. However, the advantages of acid catalysis in the preparation of biodiesel are also obvious. The principle and acid catalysis process of high acid value feedstock into biodiesel under acid catalysis are briefly introduced. The research on acid catalysis from foreign mechanism is mainly introduced in two aspects: transesterification and esterification. Finally, the factors that affect the acid-catalyzed reaction and the problems that still exist are also slightly narrated.