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比喻是英语中一种常用的修辞格。比喻就是“思想的对象与另一事物有了类似点,说话和写文章时就用那另外的事物来比拟这思想对象的。”(陈望道《修辞学发凡》)这里说的比喻包括英语的明喻(simile)和暗喻(metaphor)。比喻的关键在于喻体(the vehicle)与本体(the tenor)之间必须有极其相似的一点或几点,即相似点(eiements of resemblance)。英语的比喻中的相似点可以分为形似、神似及形神兼备三种类型。下面就是对此问题及相似点的翻译的一些探讨。 (一)形似的比喻 “形似”就是本体与喻体在音响、形状与外貌上某一点或几点的相似,这样的比喻可称之为“形似的比喻。”如:
Metaphor is a commonly used figure of speech in English. The metaphor is that “the object of thought has something in common with another, and when it comes to speaking and writing, the other object is used to compare the object of thought.” (Chen Wangdao, “Rhetoric”) The analogy here includes English simile and metaphor. The key to the metaphor is that there must be a point or points very similar between the vehicle and the tenor, eiements of resemblance. Similarities in the analogy of English can be divided into three types: shape, spirit and spirit. Here is some discussion on this issue and similar translation. (A) the analogy of metaphor “like ” is the body and the carved body in the sound, shape and appearance of a point or a few similarities, such a metaphor can be called “shaped analogy. ” Such as: