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目的了解唐山市新确诊的矽肺病病例的分布特征,为制定全市防制对策提供依据。方法收集2006—2015年唐山市“健康危害因素监测信息系统”中新确诊的矽肺病病例,采用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果报告的495例新确诊的矽肺病例中男女之比为40.25:1,平均年龄为(52.3±9.6)岁,平均接尘工龄为(17.3±10.3)a。大型企业病例数最多,占41.6%;中型企业次之,占35.8%;小型企业最少,占22.6%。不同规模企业的矽肺病病例构成存在明显差异(X~2=83.9,P<0.05)。病例主要集中在路北区,占38.4%;迁安市次之,占36.4%。国有企业病例最多,占52.1%;其次为私营企业,占41.4%。矽肺期别构成在不同企业经济类型之间存在明显差异(X~2=119.1,P<0.05)。矽肺病病例主要集中在采矿业,占71.3%;制造业次之,占28.1%。工种分布以破碎工人数最多,占26.1%;凿岩工次之,占17.8%。结论唐山市矽肺病防制重点在私营企业和中小型企业。
Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of newly diagnosed cases of silicosis in Tangshan City and provide evidence for the prevention and control measures in the city. Methods The cases of silicosis newly diagnosed in Tangshan Health Information System of Health Hazards from 2006 to 2015 were collected, and the data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. Results The reported ratio of male to female in 495 newly diagnosed silicosis cases was 40.25: 1, with an average age of (52.3 ± 9.6) years and an average dusting age of (17.3 ± 10.3) years. The largest number of large-scale enterprises, accounting for 41.6%; followed by medium-sized enterprises 35.8%; small business at least, accounting for 22.6%. There were significant differences in the composition of silicosis cases among different scale enterprises (X ~ 2 = 83.9, P <0.05). The cases are mainly concentrated in Lubei District, accounting for 38.4%; Qian’an City, followed by 36.4%. The largest number of state-owned enterprises, accounting for 52.1%; followed by the private sector, accounting for 41.4%. There was a significant difference in the types of silicosis between different types of enterprises (X ~ 2 = 119.1, P <0.05). Silicosis cases are mainly concentrated in the mining industry, accounting for 71.3%; manufacturing industry, accounting for 28.1%. The distribution of work to the largest number of workers broken, accounting for 26.1%; rock drilling followed, accounting for 17.8%. Conclusion The prevention of silicosis in Tangshan focuses on the private sector and small and medium-sized enterprises.