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地下流体是地壳中非常活跃的组成部分,它具有流动性和不可压缩性.岩石力学实验结果表明,地震孕育和发生时,会在孕震区局部产生应力集中和大量微裂隙,随着应力的重新分布,发生明显的裂隙开闭等可观测的变化.流体可以把地下深处与地震孕育有关的岩体物理状态变化等信息带到地表,如承压水井的井水位可以用来观测含水层中的体应变,同位素浓度等物理量可以反映流体渗流途径中岩体连通性的改变,在一定条件下可以在地表产生可观测的地震前兆异常现象.关于地下流体发展了一些重要的地震预测方法,本文主要总结了前人关于这些方法的理论和实践,讨论了如何建立地下水短期及临震预兆与地震三要素之间的联系,分析了地下流体反映地震孕育过程需要满足的条件,并对与地下流体有关的地震预测方法进行了讨论.
Underground fluid is a very active part of the crust, which has fluidity and incompressibility.Experimental results of rock mechanics show that local stress concentration and a large number of micro-fractures occur in the seismogenic zone when the earthquake is conceived and occurred, Redistribution, and obvious observable changes such as opening and closing of fractures.The fluid can bring information such as the physical state of rock mass related to earthquake gestation in the deep underground to the surface, for example, well water level in confined wells can be used to observe aquifers Physical variables such as body strain and isotope concentration can reflect the change of rock mass connectivity in the fluid percolation pathway and can produce observable seismic precursory anomalies on the surface under certain conditions.Many important earthquake prediction methods have been developed for underground fluid, This paper mainly summarizes the predecessors’ theory and practice of these methods, discusses how to establish the connection between short-term and temporary earthquake precursors of groundwater and the three elements of earthquakes, analyzes the conditions that the underground fluid needs to meet to reflect the earthquake breeding process, Fluid-related earthquake prediction methods are discussed.